| Turkish operations in Northern Iraq | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict; Iraqi Kurdish Civil War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
|
Previous:  PUK (1992)[1][2] |
Previous: PUK (1997)[4] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 400+ killed[5] |
8,000+ killed 1,700 captured,[5] | ||||||
| 6,800+ displaced[6] | |||||||
The Kurdish-Turkish conflict spilled over into Iraqi Kurdistan in 1983,[7] and has continued there intermittently since. The Turkish Armed Forces has launched a series of operations in Northern Iraq against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).[8] More than 37,000 people have been killed in the conflict since 1984.[9]
The operations resulted in a permanent Turkish presence in northern Iraq since 2018.[10] The Iraqi government at one time viewed these operations as a violation of Iraq's sovereignty,[11] with President Barham Salih demanding from Turkey their end, and the withdrawal of all of the Turkish armed forces from his country's territory.[12]
| Date | Operation | TAF Fatalities (Wounded) | PKK Fatalities (Captured) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 October 1992 – 15 November 1992 | Operation Northern Iraq | 28 (125) | 1,551 (1,232) |
| 20 March 1995 – 4 May 1995 | Operation Steel | 64 (185) | 555 (13) |
| 12 May 1997 – 7 July 1997 | Operation Hammer | 114 (338) | 2,730 (418) |
| 25 September 1997 – 15 October 1997 | Operation Dawn | 31 (91) | 865 (37) |
| 21 February 2008 – 29 February 2008 | Operation Sun | 27[13][14][15] | 240 |
| 25 April 2017 | 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq | 0 | 33 |
| 28 May 2019 – 14 June 2020 | Operation Claw | 17[16] | 417[17] |
| 17 April 2022 – Present | Operation Claw Lock | 83 | 995 |
| Total: | 282 (739) | 6,417 (2,700) | |
