J u m p t o c o n t e n t
M a i n m e n u
M a i n m e n u
N a v i g a t i o n
● M a i n p a g e ● C o n t e n t s ● C u r r e n t e v e n t s ● R a n d o m a r t i c l e ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● C o n t a c t u s ● D o n a t e
C o n t r i b u t e
● H e l p ● L e a r n t o e d i t ● C o m m u n i t y p o r t a l ● R e c e n t c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e
S e a r c h
Search
A p p e a r a n c e
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P e r s o n a l t o o l s
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P a g e s f o r l o g g e d o u t e d i t o r s l e a r n m o r e ● C o n t r i b u t i o n s ● T a l k
( T o p )
1 T i n a m i f o r m e s
T o g g l e T i n a m i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
1 . 1 T i n a m i d a e
1 . 1 . 1 C r y p t u r e l l u s or T i n a m u
2 A n s e r i f o r m e s
T o g g l e A n s e r i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
2 . 1 A n a t i d a e
2 . 1 . 1 D e n d r o c y g n a
2 . 1 . 2 C a i r i n a
2 . 1 . 3 A n a s
2 . 1 . 4 A y t h y a
2 . 1 . 5 O x y u r a
3 G a l l i f o r m e s
T o g g l e G a l l i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
3 . 1 C r a c i d a e
3 . 1 . 1 O r t a l i s
3 . 1 . 2 P e n e l o p e
3 . 2 O d o n t o p h o r i d a e
3 . 2 . 1 C o l i n u s
3 . 2 . 2 C y r t o n y x
3 . 2 . 3 D a c t y l o r t y x
3 . 2 . 4 D e n d r o r t y x
3 . 2 . 5 P h i l o r t y x
4 P o d i c i p e d i f o r m e s
T o g g l e P o d i c i p e d i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
4 . 1 P o d i c i p e d i d a e
4 . 1 . 1 T a c h y b a p t u s
4 . 1 . 2 P o d i l y m b u s
5 P e l e c a n i f o r m e s
T o g g l e P e l e c a n i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
5 . 1 P h a l a c r o c o r a c i d a e
5 . 1 . 1 N a n n o p t e r u m
6 C i c o n i i f o r m e s
T o g g l e C i c o n i i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
6 . 1 A r d e i d a e
6 . 1 . 1 A r d e a
6 . 1 . 2 B o t a u r u s
6 . 1 . 3 B u b u l c u s
6 . 1 . 4 B u t o r i d e s
6 . 1 . 5 E g r e t t a
6 . 1 . 6 N y c t i c o r a x
6 . 2 C i c o n i i d a e
6 . 2 . 1 M y c t e r i a
6 . 3 T h r e s k i o r n i t h i d a e
6 . 3 . 1 P l e g a d i s
7 A c c i p i t r i f o r m e s
T o g g l e A c c i p i t r i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
7 . 1 C a t h a r t i d a e
7 . 1 . 1 C a t h a r t e s
7 . 1 . 2 C o r a g y p s
7 . 2 A c c i p i t r i d a e
7 . 2 . 1 P a n d i o n
7 . 2 . 2 C h o n d r o h i e r a x
7 . 2 . 3 E l a n u s
7 . 2 . 4 C i r c u s
7 . 2 . 5 A c c i p i t e r
7 . 2 . 6 B u t e o
7 . 2 . 7 B u t e o or R u p o r n i s
7 . 2 . 8 B u t e o or G e r a n o a e t u s
7 . 2 . 9 A q u i l a
7 . 2 . 1 0 S p i z a e t u s
7 . 2 . 1 1 H a r p y h a l i a e t u s or B u t e o g a l l u s
7 . 2 . 1 2 G e r a n o s p i z a
7 . 2 . 1 3 P a r a b u t e o
8 F a l c o n i f o r m e s
T o g g l e F a l c o n i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
8 . 1 F a l c o n i d a e
8 . 1 . 1 M i c r a s t u r
8 . 1 . 2 C a r a c a r a
8 . 1 . 3 H e r p e t o t h e r e s
8 . 1 . 4 F a l c o
9 G r u i f o r m e s
T o g g l e G r u i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
9 . 1 R a l l i d a e
9 . 1 . 1 P o r p h y r i o
9 . 1 . 2 G a l l i n u l a
9 . 1 . 3 F u l i c a
9 . 2 A r a m i d a e
9 . 2 . 1 A r a m u s
10 C h a r a d r i i f o r m e s
T o g g l e C h a r a d r i i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
1 0 . 1 C h a r a d r i i d a e
1 0 . 1 . 1 C h a r a d r i u s
1 0 . 2 R e c u r v i r o s t r i d a e
1 0 . 2 . 1 H i m a n t o p u s
1 0 . 3 J a c a n i d a e
1 0 . 3 . 1 J a c a n a
1 0 . 4 S c o l o p a c i d a e
1 0 . 4 . 1 A c t i t i s
11 C o l u m b i f o r m e s
T o g g l e C o l u m b i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
1 1 . 1 C o l u m b i d a e
1 1 . 1 . 1 P a t a g i o e n a s
1 1 . 1 . 2 Z e n a i d a
1 1 . 1 . 3 C o l u m b i n a
1 1 . 1 . 4 L e p t o t i l a
1 1 . 1 . 5 G e o t r y g o n
12 P s i t t a c i f o r m e s
T o g g l e P s i t t a c i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
1 2 . 1 P s i t t a c i d a e
1 2 . 1 . 1 A r a t i n g a or E u p s i t t u l a
1 2 . 1 . 2 A r a t i n g a
1 2 . 1 . 3 F o r p u s
1 2 . 1 . 4 A m a z o n a
1 2 . 1 . 5 R h y n c h o p s i t t a
13 C u c u l i f o r m e s
T o g g l e C u c u l i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
1 3 . 1 C u c u l i d a e
1 3 . 1 . 1 C o c c y z u s
1 3 . 1 . 2 P i a y a
1 3 . 1 . 3 G e o c o c c y x
1 3 . 1 . 4 M o r o c o c c y x
1 3 . 1 . 5 C r o t o p h a g a
14 S t r i g i f o r m e s
T o g g l e S t r i g i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
1 4 . 1 T y t o n i d a e
1 4 . 1 . 1 T y t o
1 4 . 2 S t r i g i d a e
1 4 . 2 . 1 O t u s
1 4 . 2 . 2 M e g a s c o p s
1 4 . 2 . 3 B u b o
1 4 . 2 . 4 G l a u c i d i u m
1 4 . 2 . 5 A t h e n e
1 4 . 2 . 6 S t r i x
1 4 . 2 . 7 A s i o
1 4 . 2 . 8 A e g o l i u s
15 C a p r i m u l g i f o r m e s
T o g g l e C a p r i m u l g i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
1 5 . 1 C a p r i m u l g i d a e
1 5 . 1 . 1 C h o r d e i l e s
1 5 . 1 . 2 N y c t i d r o m u s
1 5 . 1 . 3 C a p r i m u l g u s
1 5 . 2 N y c t i b i i d a e
1 5 . 2 . 1 N y c t i b i u s
16 A p o d i f o r m e s
T o g g l e A p o d i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
1 6 . 1 A p o d i d a e
1 6 . 1 . 1 C y p s e l o i d e s
1 6 . 1 . 2 S t r e p t o p r o c n e
1 6 . 1 . 3 C h a e t u r a
1 6 . 1 . 4 A e r o n a u t e s
1 6 . 1 . 5 P a n y p t i l a
1 6 . 2 T r o c h i l i d a e : h u m m i n g b i r d s o r c h u p a r o s a s
1 6 . 2 . 1 P h a e t h o r n i s
1 6 . 2 . 2 C o l i b r i
1 6 . 2 . 3 C h l o r o s t i l b o n
1 6 . 2 . 4 C y n a n t h u s
1 6 . 2 . 5 T h a l u r a n i a
1 6 . 2 . 6 H y l o c h a r i s
1 6 . 2 . 7 A m a z i l i a
1 6 . 2 . 8 R a m o s o m y i a
1 6 . 2 . 9 L a m p o r n i s
1 6 . 2 . 1 0 E u g e n e s
1 6 . 2 . 1 1 H e l i o m a s t e r
1 6 . 2 . 1 2 T i l m a t u r a
1 6 . 2 . 1 3 A r c h i l o c h u s
1 6 . 2 . 1 4 C a l o t h o r a x
1 6 . 2 . 1 5 C a l y p t e
1 6 . 2 . 1 6 S t e l l u l a
1 6 . 2 . 1 7 A t t h i s
1 6 . 2 . 1 8 S e l a s p h o r u s
17 T r o g o n i f o r m e s
T o g g l e T r o g o n i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
1 7 . 1 T r o g o n i d a e
1 7 . 1 . 1 T r o g o n
1 7 . 1 . 2 E u p t i l o t i s
18 C o r a c i i f o r m e s
T o g g l e C o r a c i i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
1 8 . 1 M o m o t i d a e
1 8 . 1 . 1 M o m o t u s
1 8 . 2 A l c e d i n i d a e
1 8 . 2 . 1 M e g a c e r y l e
1 8 . 2 . 2 C h l o r o c e r y l e
19 P i c i f o r m e s
T o g g l e P i c i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
1 9 . 1 P i c i d a e
1 9 . 1 . 1 M o m o t u s
1 9 . 1 . 2 S p h y r a p i c u s
1 9 . 1 . 3 P i c o i d e s
1 9 . 1 . 4 V e n i l i o r n i s
1 9 . 1 . 5 C o l a p t e s
1 9 . 1 . 6 D r y o c o p u s
1 9 . 1 . 7 C a m p e p h i l u s
20 P a s s e r i f o r m e s
T o g g l e P a s s e r i f o r m e s s u b s e c t i o n
2 0 . 1 D e n d r o c o l a p t i d a e
2 0 . 1 . 1 S i t t a s o m u s
2 0 . 1 . 2 X i p h o r h y n c h u s
2 0 . 1 . 3 L e p i d o c o l a p t e s
2 0 . 2 G r a l l a r i i d a e
2 0 . 2 . 1 G r a l l a r i a
2 0 . 3 T y r a n n i d a e
2 0 . 3 . 1 C a m p t o s t o m a
2 0 . 3 . 2 M y i o p a g i s
2 0 . 3 . 3 C o n t o p u s
2 0 . 3 . 4 E m p i d o n a x
2 0 . 3 . 5 S a y o r n i s
2 0 . 3 . 6 P y r o c e p h a l u s
2 0 . 3 . 7 A t t i l a
2 0 . 3 . 8 M y i a r c h u s
2 0 . 3 . 9 R a m p h o t r i g o n
2 0 . 3 . 1 0 P i t a n g u s
2 0 . 3 . 1 1 M e g a r y n c h u s
2 0 . 3 . 1 2 M y i o z e t e t e s
2 0 . 3 . 1 3 M y i o d y n a s t e s
2 0 . 3 . 1 4 T y r a n n u s
2 0 . 3 . 1 5 P a c h y r a m p h u s
2 0 . 3 . 1 6 T i t y r a
2 0 . 4 L a n i i d a e
2 0 . 4 . 1 L a n i u s
2 0 . 5 V i r e o n i d a e
2 0 . 5 . 1 V i r e o
2 0 . 5 . 2 V i r e o l a n i u s
2 0 . 6 C o r v i d a e
2 0 . 6 . 1 C a l o c i t t a
2 0 . 6 . 2 C y a n o c o r a x
2 0 . 6 . 3 A p h e l o c o m a
2 0 . 6 . 4 C o r v u s
2 0 . 7 H i r u n d i n i d a e
2 0 . 7 . 1 P r o g n e
2 0 . 7 . 2 T a c h y c i n e t a
2 0 . 7 . 3 S t e l g i d o p t e r y x
2 0 . 7 . 4 H i r u n d o
2 0 . 7 . 5 C a l o c i t t a
2 0 . 8 P a r i d a e
2 0 . 8 . 1 P o e c i l e
2 0 . 8 . 2 P r o g n e
2 0 . 9 A e g i t h a l i d a e
2 0 . 9 . 1 P s a l t r i p a r u s
2 0 . 1 0 S i t t i d a e
2 0 . 1 0 . 1 S i t t a
2 0 . 1 1 C e r t h i i d a e
2 0 . 1 1 . 1 C e r t h i a
2 0 . 1 2 T r o g l o d y t i d a e
2 0 . 1 2 . 1 C a m p y l o r h y n c h u s
2 0 . 1 2 . 2 C a t h e r p e s
2 0 . 1 2 . 3 T h r y o t h o r u s
2 0 . 1 2 . 4 U r o p s i l a
2 0 . 1 2 . 5 T h r y o m a n e s
2 0 . 1 2 . 6 T r o g l o d y t e s
2 0 . 1 2 . 7 H e n i c o r h i n a
2 0 . 1 3 C i n c l i d a e
2 0 . 1 3 . 1 C i n c l u s
2 0 . 1 4 R e g u l i d a e
2 0 . 1 4 . 1 R e g u l u s
2 0 . 1 5 S y l v i i d a e
2 0 . 1 5 . 1 P o l i o p t i l a
2 0 . 1 6 T u r d i d a e
2 0 . 1 6 . 1 S i a l i a
2 0 . 1 6 . 2 M y a d e s t e s
2 0 . 1 6 . 3 C a t h a r u s
2 0 . 1 6 . 4 T u r d u s
2 0 . 1 6 . 5 R i d g w a y i a
2 0 . 1 7 M i m i d a e
2 0 . 1 7 . 1 M i m u s
2 0 . 1 7 . 2 T o x o s t o m a
2 0 . 1 7 . 3 M e l a n o t i s
2 0 . 1 8 M o t a c i l l i d a e
2 0 . 1 8 . 1 A n t h u s
2 0 . 1 9 B o m b y c i l l i d a e
2 0 . 1 9 . 1 B o m b y c i l l a
2 0 . 2 0 P t i l o g o n a t i d a e
2 0 . 2 0 . 1 P t i l o g o n y s
2 0 . 2 1 P e u c e d r a m i d a e
2 0 . 2 1 . 1 P e u c e d r a m u s
2 0 . 2 2 P a r u l i d a e
2 0 . 2 2 . 1 V e r m i v o r a
2 0 . 2 2 . 2 P a r u l a
2 0 . 2 2 . 3 D e n d r o i c a
2 0 . 2 2 . 4 M n i o t i l t a
2 0 . 2 2 . 5 S e t o p h a g a
2 0 . 2 2 . 6 S e i u r u s
2 0 . 2 2 . 7 O p o r o r n i s
2 0 . 2 2 . 8 G e o t h l y p i s
2 0 . 2 2 . 9 W i l s o n i a
2 0 . 2 2 . 1 0 C a r d e l l i n a
2 0 . 2 2 . 1 1 E r g a t i c u s
2 0 . 2 2 . 1 2 M y i o b o r u s
2 0 . 2 2 . 1 3 E u t h l y p i s
2 0 . 2 2 . 1 4 B a s i l e u t e r u s
2 0 . 2 2 . 1 5 I c t e r i a
2 0 . 2 3 T h r a u p i d a e
2 0 . 2 3 . 1 R h o d i n o c i c h l a
2 0 . 2 3 . 2 S a l t a t o r
2 0 . 2 4 E m b e r i z i d a e
2 0 . 2 4 . 1 V o l a t i n i a
2 0 . 2 4 . 2 S p o r o p h i l a
2 0 . 2 4 . 3 A m a u r o s p i z a
2 0 . 2 4 . 4 D i g l o s s a
2 0 . 2 4 . 5 A t l a p e t e s
2 0 . 2 4 . 6 A r r e m o n
2 0 . 2 4 . 7 A r r e m o n o p s
2 0 . 2 4 . 8 M e l o z o n e
2 0 . 2 4 . 9 P i p i l o
2 0 . 2 4 . 1 0 A i m o p h i l a
2 0 . 2 4 . 1 1 A m p h i s p i z o p s i s
2 0 . 2 4 . 1 2 S p i z e l l a
2 0 . 2 4 . 1 3 P o o e c e t e s
2 0 . 2 4 . 1 4 C h o n d e s t e s
2 0 . 2 4 . 1 5 P a s s e r c u l u s
2 0 . 2 4 . 1 6 A m m o d r a m u s
2 0 . 2 4 . 1 7 M e l o s p i z a
2 0 . 2 4 . 1 8 Z o n o t r i c h i a
2 0 . 2 4 . 1 9 J u n c o
2 0 . 2 5 I c t e r i d a e
2 0 . 2 5 . 1 A g e l a i u s
2 0 . 2 5 . 2 X a n t h o c e p h a l u s
2 0 . 2 5 . 3 S t u r n e l l a
2 0 . 2 5 . 4 E u p h a g u s
2 0 . 2 5 . 5 Q u i s c a l u s
2 0 . 2 5 . 6 M o l o t h r u s
2 0 . 2 5 . 7 I c t e r u s
2 0 . 2 5 . 8 C a c i c u s
2 0 . 2 6 F r i n g i l l i d a e
2 0 . 2 6 . 1 E u p h o n i a
2 0 . 2 6 . 2 C a r p o d a c u s
2 0 . 2 6 . 3 L o x i a
2 0 . 2 6 . 4 S p i n u s
2 0 . 2 7 P a s s e r i d a e
2 0 . 2 7 . 1 P a s s e r
21 S e e a l s o
22 R e f e r e n c e s
T o g g l e t h e t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s
L i s t o f b i r d s o f t h e S i e r r a d e M a n a n t l á n B i o s p h e r e R e s e r v e
A d d l a n g u a g e s
A d d l i n k s
● A r t i c l e ● T a l k
E n g l i s h
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
T o o l s
T o o l s
A c t i o n s
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
G e n e r a l
● W h a t l i n k s h e r e ● R e l a t e d c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e ● S p e c i a l p a g e s ● P e r m a n e n t l i n k ● P a g e i n f o r m a t i o n ● C i t e t h i s p a g e ● G e t s h o r t e n e d U R L ● D o w n l o a d Q R c o d e ● W i k i d a t a i t e m
P r i n t / e x p o r t
● D o w n l o a d a s P D F ● P r i n t a b l e v e r s i o n
A p p e a r a n c e
F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
This article contains a list of birds found in the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve , which straddles the states of Colima and Jalisco in Mexico . The reserve is located in the transition of the Nearctic and Neotropical realms and encompasses parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur , with a wide range of altitudes, climates and soils. The effects of tectonic and volcanic activities and erosion are notable within the reserve.
Forest types in the reserve including mesophytic , cloud , and dry deciduous and semi-deciduous tropical forests. Anthropologists know the region as Zona de Occidente , an area notably different to the rest of Mesoamerica . Some ceramic remnants, figurines and graves have been found, but there is little other material evidence. As of 1995 almost 8,000 people lived in the Reserva de la Biosfera Manantlan, engaged mainly in agriculture (corn, beans, tomatoes, sugar cane, watermelon, mangoes), livestock grazing, timber production, and extraction of wood for fuel and mining of coal or minerals. Another 30,000 lived in the surrounding communities and almost 700,000 in the surrounding region of influence.
[1]
Ecological characteristics
The Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve is located to the extreme north of the intertropical convergence zone . The climate in the region is influenced by various factors in addition to its latitude, such as its proximity to the coast, the effect of its landform – orographic shade – and the breadth of the altitudinal range, which partly goes to explain the high regional biodiversity and the presence of numerous plant formations ranging from tropical forests to those of temperate-cold climates.
The biosphere reserve's varied and complex plant cover harbors a great wealth of flora. There are over 2900 species of vascular plants belonging to 981 genera. Wildlife is one of the important components of the high biodiversity in this reserve. Among the main values of the biosphere reserve, in addition to its great wealth of species and its unique biogeographical characteristics, is the presence of endangered or useful endemic species. So far 110 species of mammals have been reported, among which the Mexican vole Microtus mexicanus neveriae pocket gopher Cratogeomys gymnurus russelli oncilla , the jaguarandi , the ocelot , the puma , the bobcat , the jaguar and four species of nectarivorous bats.
Three hundred and thirty-six species of birds have been reported, among them thirty-six which are endemic to Mexico, such as the charismatic species: the crested guan (Penelope purpurascens ), the military macaw (Ara militaris ), the red-lored amazon (Amazona autumnalis ) and the Mexican national symbol, the golden eagle . In terms of herpetofauna, 85 species have been recorded. Of these it is known that 13 are endemic to the western and central region of Mexico: the rattlesnake , the black iguana , the frog Shyrrhopus modestus beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum Autlan rattlesnake (Crotalus lannomi ), an endemic species only reported for the area of Puerto de Los Mazos. Of the 16 species of fish identified, 13 are native and four are endemic to the region.
Buteo plagiatus aguililla gris , el busardo gris , gavilán saraviado , grey hawk
Buteo brachyurus aguililla cola corto , gavilán rabicorto , short-tailed hawk
Buteo albonotatus aguililla zopilota , aguililla aura , aguilucho negro , zone-tailed hawk
Buteo jamaicensis aguililla cola roja , red-tailed hawk
Buteo platypterus aguililla , halconcillo , aguila ala ancha , gavilán ala ancho , broad-winged hawk
Buteo albicaudatus aguililla cola blanca , gavilán coliblanco, aguilucho alas largas, white-tailed hawk
Actitis macularia playero manchado , andarríos maculado , playero alzacolita , spotted sandpiper
Zenaida asiatica huilota alas blancas , la tórtola aliblanca , paloma aliblanca , paloma ala blanca , white-winged dove
Zenaida macroura la huilota , tórtola , rabiche , paloma huilota , mourning dove
Columbina inca toritos , la tortolita mexicana , tórtola cola larga , Inca dove
Columbina passerina torcacita , la tortolita azul , cococha , columbita común , tórtola coquita , common ground-dove
Columbina talpacoti tortolita , columbina colorada , cocochita , tórtola rojiza , ruddy ground-dove
Piaya cayana cuclillo canela , cuclillo ardilla , squirrel cuckoo
Geococcyx velox correcaminos chico , correcaminos menor , correcaminos tropical , lesser roadrunner
Tyto alba Spanish : lechuza de campanario , lechuza común , lechuza blanca , common barn-owl
Aegolius acadicus lechuza norteña , mochuelo cabezón , tecolotito cabezón , tecolote abetero norteño , tecolote afilador , northern saw-whet owl
Calothorax lucifer colibrí horroros , colibrí lucifer , tijereta norteña , Lucifer hummingbird
Vireo brevipennis vireo pizarra , slaty vireo
Vireo bellii vireo de Bell , Bell's vireo
Vireo atricapilla vireo gorra negra , black-capped vireo
Vireo nelsoni vireo enano , dwarf vireo
Vireo cassinii vireo de Cassin , Cassin's vireo
Vireo plumbeous or Vireo solitarius vireo plomozo , plumbeous vireo
Vireo huttoni vireo reyezuelo , Hutton's vireo
Vireo hypochryseus vireo dorado , golden vireo
Vireo gilvus vireo gorjeador , warbling vireo
Vireo flavoviridis vireo verde-amarillo , yellow-green vireo
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ Cassell, B. A. (2012). Fire History of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve in Western México, University of Washington.
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_birds_of_the_Sierra_de_Manantlán_Biosphere_Reserve&oldid=1224246091 " C a t e g o r y : ● L i s t s o f b i r d s o f M e x i c o H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g S p a n i s h - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● W i k i p e d i a a r t i c l e s n e e d i n g c l a r i f i c a t i o n f r o m O c t o b e r 2 0 1 7
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 7 M a y 2 0 2 4 , a t 0 4 : 2 8 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
