The number of ArabicnewspapersinEgypt was about 200 in 1938.[1] There were also 65 newspapers published in languages other than Arabic,[1] such as Turkish, French and English.[2] By 1951 Arabic language newspapers numbered to about 400, while 150 were published in other languages.[1] By 2011, daily newspaper circulation in Egypt increased to more than 4.3 million copies.[3]
Egyptian radio and TV channels are controlled by the government. However, in the past few years, several private satellite stations have been established in the country.
Egyptian print media can be divided into the following categories:
Owned by the Egyptian government or the ruling national democratic party.
Governmental. These publications are not owned by the Egyptian government, but since the Egyptian president appoints the head of the Shura Council (Senate) who is also, de facto, the head of the Higher Press Council that appoints the chair and board of directors of many publishing houses in Egypt, government influence is very strong.
Belonging to an Egyptian opposition party
Independent publications, not linked to government or any opposition party
(Notes between parentheses indicate political, religious or institutional affiliations.) [8]
The independent electronic magazine Arab West Report provides weekly summary translations and reviews of these media in English in order for a Western public to better understand the wide variety of opinions one finds in Egyptian print media.
Kendall, Elisabeth. "Between Politics and Literature: Journals in Alexandria and Istanbul at the End of the Nineteenth Century" (Chapter 15). In: Fawaz, Leila Tarazi and C. A. Bayly (editors) and Robert Ilbert (collaboration). Modernity and Culture: From the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean. Columbia University Press, 2002. ISBN0231114273, 9780231114271. Start: p. 330.
