Contents

List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)

This is a list of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, and the general secretaries of single-party states.

These polities are generally sovereign states, including states with limited recognition (when recognised by at least one UN member state), but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 20th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa[edit]

Africa: Central[edit]

Angola

• Portuguese Angola, (complete list) –

Colony, 1575–1951; Overseas province, 1951–1975

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

• Democratic People's Republic of Angola

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Holden Roberto, President (1975–1976)
• Jonas Savimbi, President (1975–1976, 1979–2002)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• José Ndele, Johnny Eduardo Pinnock, joint Prime ministers (1975–1976)

• People's Republic of Angola

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Agostinho Neto, President (1975–1979)
• Lúcio Lara, Interim President (1979)
• José Eduardo dos Santos, President (1979–2017)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lopo do Nascimento, Prime minister (1975–1978)
• Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime minister (1991–1992, 1996–1999, 2002–2008)

• Republic of Angola

• Presidents (complete list) –

• José Eduardo dos Santos, President (1979–2017)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Marcolino Moco, Prime minister (1992–1996)
• Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime minister (1991–1992, 1996–1999, 2002–2008)

• Republic of Cabinda –

• Henrique N'zita Tiago, Provisional government leader (1975)
• Luis Ranque Franque, President (1975–1976)

Cameroon

• French Cameroons, part of French Equatorial Africa (complete list) –

United Nations trust territory, 1946–1960

For details see France under western Europe

• British Cameroons part of British West Africa (complete list) –

United Nations trust territory, 1946–1961

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Republic of Cameroon

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ahmadou Ahidjo, President (1960–1982)
• Paul Biya, President (1982–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ahmadou Ahidjo, Prime minister (1958–1960)
• Charles Assalé, Prime minister (1960–1961)

East Cameroon

• Charles Assalé, Prime minister (1961–1965)
• Vincent de Paul Ahanda, Prime minister (1965)
• Simon Pierre Tchoungui, Prime minister (1965–1972)

West Cameroon

• John Ngu Foncha, Prime minister (1961–1965)
• Augustine Ngom Jua, Prime minister (1965–1968)
• Salomon Tandeng Muna, Prime minister (1968–1972)

United Cameroon

• Paul Biya, Prime minister (1972–1982)
• Bello Bouba Maigari, Prime minister (1982–1983)
• Luc Ayang, Prime minister (1983–1984)
• Sadou Hayatou, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Simon Achidi Achu, Prime minister (1992–1996)
• Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime minister (1996–2004)

Central African Republic

• Ubangi-Shari part of French Equatorial Africa (complete list) –

French colony, 1903–1958

For details see France under western Europe

• Central African Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• David Dacko, President (1960–1966)
• Jean-Bédel Bokassa

• President (1966–1976)
• Emperor of the Central African Empire (1976–1979)

• David Dacko, President (1979–1981)
• André Kolingba, President (1981–1993)
• Ange-Félix Patassé, President (1993–2003)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• David Dacko, Prime minister (1959–1960)
• Elisabeth Domitien, Prime minister (1975–1976)
• Ange-Félix Patassé, Prime minister of the Central African Empire (1976–1978)
• Henri Maïdou, Prime minister of the Central African Empire (1978–1979)
• Bernard Ayandho, Prime minister (1979–1980)
• Jean-Pierre Lebouder, Prime minister (1980–1981)
• Simon Narcisse Bozanga, Prime minister (1981)
• Édouard Frank, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Timothée Malendoma, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Enoch Derant Lakoué, Prime minister (1993)
• Jean-Luc Mandaba, Prime minister (1993–1995)
• Gabriel Koyambounou, Prime minister (1995–1996)
• Jean-Paul Ngoupandé, Prime minister (1996–1997)
• Michel Gbezera-Bria, Prime minister (1997–1999)
• Anicet-Georges Dologuélé, Prime minister (1999–2001)

Chad

• French Chad, part of French Equatorial Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1900–1960

For details see France under western Europe

• Republic of Chad

• Presidents (complete list) –

• François Tombalbaye, President (1960–1975)
• Noël Milarew Odingar, President (1975)
• Félix Malloum, President (1975–1979)
• Goukouni Oueddei, President (1979)
• Lol Mahamat Choua, President (1979)
• Goukouni Oueddei, President (1979–1982)
• Hissène Habré, President (1982–1990)
• Idriss Déby, President (1990–2021)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hissène Habré, Prime minister (1978–1979)
• Djidingar Dono Ngardoum, Prime minister (1982)
• Jean Alingué Bawoyeu, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Joseph Yodoyman, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Fidèle Moungar, Prime minister (1993)
• Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye, Prime minister (1993–1995)
• Koibla Djimasta, Prime minister (1995–1997)
• Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido, Prime minister (1997–1999)
• Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime minister (1999–2002)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

• Belgian Congo (complete list) –

Colony, 1908–1960

For details see the Belgium under Western Europe

• Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Joseph Kasa-Vubu, President (1960–1965)
• Antoine Gizenga, Rebel President (1961)
• Mobutu Sese Seko, President (1965–1971)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Patrice Lumumba, Prime minister (1960)
• Joseph Iléo, Prime minister (1960)
• Justin Marie Bomboko, Prime minister (1960–1961)
• Joseph Iléo, Prime minister (1961)
• Antoine Gizenga, Rebel, Prime minister (1960–1961)
• Cyrille Adoula, Prime minister (1961–1964)
• Moise Tshombe, Prime minister (1964–1965)
• Évariste Kimba, Prime minister (1965)
• Léonard Mulamba, Prime minister (1965–1966)

• State of Katanga –

• Moïse Tshombe, President (1960–1963)

• South Kasai –

• Albert Kalonji, President (1960–1961), Mulopwe (1961–1962)

• Zaire

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mobutu Sese Seko, President (1971–1997)

• Heads of government (complete list) –

• Mpinga Kasenda, Prime minister (1977–1979)
• Bo-Boliko Lokonga, Prime minister (1979–1980)
• Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond, First state commissioner (1980–1981)
• N'Singa Udjuu, First state commissioner (1981–1982)
• Léon Kengo, First state commissioner (1982–1986)
• Mabi Mulumba, First state commissioner (1987–1988)
• Jules Fontaine Sambwa, First state commissioner (1988)
• Léon Kengo, First state commissioner (1988–1990)
• Lunda Bululu, Prime minister (1990–1991)
• Mulumba Lukoji, Prime minister (1991)
• Étienne Tshisekedi, Prime minister (1991)
• Bernardin Mungul Diaka, Prime minister (1991)
• Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Étienne Tshisekedi, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Faustin Birindwa, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Léon Kengo, First state commissioner (1994–1997)
• Étienne Tshisekedi, Prime minister (1997)
• Likulia Bolongo, Prime minister (1997)

• Democratic Republic of the Congo (complete list) –

• Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President (1997–2001)

Congo: Republic of the

• French Equatorial Africa (complete list) –

Federation of colonies, 1910–1934; Colony, 1934–1958

For details see France under western Europe

• Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Fulbert Youlou, President (1960–1963)
• Alphonse Massamba-Débat, President (1963–1968)
• Alfred Raoul, President (1968–1969)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Alphonse Massamba-Débat, Prime minister (1963)
• Pascal Lissouba, Prime minister (1963–1966)
• Ambroise Noumazalaye, Prime minister (1966–1968)
• Alfred Raoul, Prime minister (1968–1969)

• People's Republic of the Congo

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Marien Ngouabi, President (1969–1977)
• Military Committee of the Congolese Party of Labour (1977)
• Joachim Yhombi-Opango, President (1977–1979)
• Denis Sassou Nguesso, President (1979–1992)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Henri Lopès, Prime minister (1973–1975)
• Louis Sylvain Goma, Prime minister (1975–1984)
• Ange Édouard Poungui, Prime minister (1984–1989)
• Alphonse Poaty-Souchlaty, Prime minister (1989–1990)
• Pierre Moussa, Acting Prime minister (1990–1991)
• Louis Sylvain Goma, Prime minister (1991)
• André Milongo, Prime minister (1991–1992)

• Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Pascal Lissouba, President (1992–1997)
• Denis Sassou Nguesso, President (1997–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• André Milongo, Prime minister (1992)
• Stéphane Maurice Bongho-Nouarra, Prime minister (1992)
• Claude Antoine Dacosta, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Joachim Yhombi-Opango, Prime minister (1993–1996)
• Charles David Ganao, Prime minister (1996–1997)
• Bernard Kolélas, Prime minister (1997)

Guinea

• Spanish Guinea (complete list) –

Colony, 1778–1968

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

• Equatorial Guinea

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Francisco Macías Nguema, President (1968–1979)
• Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President (1979–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime minister (1982–1992)
• Silvestre Siale Bileka, Prime minister (1992–1996)
• Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime minister (1996–2001)

Gabon

• Gabon

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Léon M'ba, President (1960–1967)
• Omar Bongo, President (1967–2009)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Léon M'ba, Prime minister (1957–1961)
• Léon Mébiame, Prime minister (1975–1990)
• Casimir Oyé-Mba, Prime minister (1990–1994)
• Paulin Obame-Nguema, Prime minister (1994–1999)
• Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime minister (1999–2006)

São Tomé and Príncipe

• Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (complete list) –

Colony, 1470–1951; Overseas province, 1951–1975

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

• Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Manuel Pinto da Costa, President (1975–1991)
• Miguel Trovoada, President (1991–2001)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Miguel Trovoada, Prime minister (1975–1979)
• Celestino Rocha da Costa, Prime minister (1988–1991)
• Daniel Daio, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Norberto Costa Alegre, Prime minister (1992–1994)
• Evaristo Carvalho, Prime minister (1994)
• Carlos Graça, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Armindo Vaz d'Almeida, Prime minister (1995–1996)
• Raul Bragança Neto, Prime minister (1996–1999)
• Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime minister (1999–2001)

Africa: East[edit]

Burundi

• Ruanda-Urundi (complete list) –

United Nations trust territory, 1946–1962

For details see Belgium under western Europe

• Kingdom of Burundi

• Kings (complete list) –

• Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, King (1915–1966)
• Ntare V, King (1966)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• André Muhirwa, Prime minister (1961–1963)
• Pierre Ngendandumwe, Prime minister (1963–1964)
• Albin Nyamoya, Prime minister (1964–1965)
• Pierre Ngendandumwe, Prime minister (1965)
• Pié Masumbuko, Prime minister (1965)
• Joseph Bamina, Prime minister (1965)
• Léopold Biha, Prime minister (1965–1966)
• Michel Micombero, Prime minister (1966)

• Republic of Burundi

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Michel Micombero, President (1966–1976)
• Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, President (1976–1987)
• Pierre Buyoya, President (1987–1993)
• Melchior Ndadaye, President (1993)
• François Ngeze, President (1993)
• Sylvie Kinigi, Acting President (1993–1994)
• Cyprien Ntaryamira, President (1994)
• Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, President (1994–1996)
• Pierre Buyoya, President (1996–2003)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Albin Nyamoya, Prime minister (1972–1973)
• Édouard Nzambimana, Prime minister (1976–1978)
• Adrien Sibomana, Prime minister (1988–1993)
• Sylvie Kinigi, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Anatole Kanyenkiko, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Antoine Nduwayo, Prime minister (1995–1996)
• Pascal-Firmin Ndimira, Prime minister (1996–1998)

Comoros

• French Comoros (complete list) –

Overseas territory, 1946–1961

For details see France under western Europe

• Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ahmed Abdallah, President (1975)
• Said Mohamed Jaffar, President (1975–1976)
• Ali Soilih, President (1976–1978)
• Mohamed Ahmed, Co-Chairman of the Directorate (1978)
• Ahmed Abdallah, Co-Chairman of the Directorate (1978), President (1978–1989)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abdallah Mohamed, Prime minister (1976–1978)
• Abdallah Mohamed, Prime minister (1978–1978)
• Salim Ben Ali, Prime minister (1978–1982)
• Ali Mroudjaé, Prime minister (1982–1984)

• Union of the Comoros

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Haribon Chebani, Provisional President (1989)
• Said Mohamed Djohar, Acting President (1989–1990), President (1990–1995)
• Combo Ayouba, Coordinator of the Transitional Military Committee (1995)
• Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, Acting President (1995)
• Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed, President (1995–1996)
• Said Mohamed Djohar, President (1996)
• Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, Acting President (1996–1998)
• Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, President (1998–1999)
• Azali Assoumani, President (1999–2001)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, Prime minister (1992)
• Ibrahim Halidi, Prime minister (1993)
• Said Ali Mohamed, Prime minister (1993)
• Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Mohamed Abdou Madi, Prime minister (1994)
• Halifa Houmadi, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed, Prime minister (1995–1996)
• Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, Prime minister (1996)
• Ahmed Abdou, Prime minister (1996–1997)
• Nourdine Bourhane, Prime minister (1997–1998)
• Abbas Djoussouf, Prime minister (1998–1999)
• Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime minister (1999–2000)
• Hamada Madi, Prime minister (2000–2002)

Djibouti

• French Somaliland (complete list) –

Overseas territory, 1946–1967

• French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (complete list) –

Overseas territory, 1967–1977

For details see France under western Europe

• Republic of Djibouti

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President (1977–1999)
• Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President (1999–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hassan Gouled Aptidon, Prime minister (1977)
• Ahmed Dini Ahmed, Prime minister (1977–1978)
• Abdallah Mohamed Kamil, Prime minister (1978)
• Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime minister (1978–2001)

Eritrea

• Eritrea (complete list) –

• Isaias Afwerki, President (1993–present)

Ethiopia

• Ethiopian Empire (complete list) –

• Haile Selassie I, Emperor (1930–1974)

• Derg: Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (complete list) –

• Aman Andom, Chairmen (1974)
• Mengistu Haile Mariam, Acting Chairmen (1974)
• Tafari Benti, Chairmen (1974–1977)
• Mengistu Haile Mariam, Chairmen (1977–1987)

• People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mengistu Haile Mariam, President (1987–1991)
• Tesfaye Gebre Kidan, Acting President (1991)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Fikre Selassie Wogderess, Prime minister (1987–1989)
• Hailu Yimenu, Acting Prime minister (1989–1991)
• Tesfaye Dinka, Acting Prime minister (1991)

• Transitional Government of Ethiopia

• Acting Presidents (complete list) –

• Meles Zenawi, Acting President (1991–1995)

• Prime minister (complete list) –

• Tamrat Layne, Acting Prime minister (1991–1995)

• Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Negasso Gidada, President (1995–2001)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Meles Zenawi, Prime minister (1995–2012)

Kenya

• Kenya Colony (complete list) –

British colony and protectorate, 1920–1963

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Kenya

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1963–1964)
• Jomo Kenyatta, President (1964–1978)
• Daniel arap Moi, President (1978–2002)
• Mwai Kibaki, President (2002–2013)
• Uhuru Kenyatta, President (2013-2022)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jomo Kenyatta, Prime minister (1963–1964)

Madagascar

• French Madagascar (complete list) –

Colony, 1897–1958

For details see France under western Europe

• Malagasy Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Philibert Tsiranana, President (1959–1972)
• Gabriel Ramanantsoa, President (1972–1975)
• Richard Ratsimandrava, President (1975)
• Gilles Andriamahazo, President (1975)
• Didier Ratsiraka, President (1975–1993)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Philibert Tsiranana, Prime minister (1958–1959)
• Gabriel Ramanantsoa, Prime minister (1972–1975)

• Democratic Republic of Madagascar

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Didier Ratsiraka, President of Supreme Revolutionary Council (1975–1993)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Joel Rakotomalala, Prime minister (1976)
• Justin Rakotoniaina, Prime minister (1976–1977)
• Désiré Rakotoarijaona, Prime minister (1977–1988)
• Victor Ramahatra, Prime minister (1988–1991)
• Guy Razanamasy, Prime minister (1991–1993)

• Third Republic of Madagascar

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Didier Ratsiraka, President (1975–1993)
• Albert Zafy, President (1993–1996)
• Norbert Ratsirahonana, Acting President (1996–1997)
• Didier Ratsiraka, President (1997–2002)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Guy Razanamasy, Prime minister (1991–1993)
• Francisque Ravony, Prime minister (1993–1995)
• Emmanuel Rakotovahiny, Prime minister (1995–1996)
• Norbert Ratsirahonana, Prime minister (1996–1997)
• Pascal Rakotomavo, Prime minister (1997–1998)
• Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime minister (1998–2002)

Mauritius

• British Mauritius (complete list) –

Colony, 1810–1968

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Mauritius (Commonwealth realm)

• Queen (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1968–1992)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Prime minister (1968–1982)
• Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (1982–1992)

• Republic of Mauritius

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Veerasamy Ringadoo, President (1992)
• Cassam Uteem, President (1992–2002)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (1992–1995)
• Navin Ramgoolam, Prime minister (1995–2000)
• Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (2000–2003)

Rwanda

• Kingdom of Rwanda (complete list) –

• Mutara III Rudahigwa, King (1931–1959)
• Kigeli V Ndahindurwa, King (1959–1961)

• Republic of Rwanda

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Dominique Mbonyumutwa, Interim President (1961)
• Grégoire Kayibanda, President (1961–1973)
• Juvénal Habyarimana, President (1973–1994)
• Théodore Sindikubwabo, Interim President (1994)
• Pasteur Bizimungu, President (1994–2000)
• Paul Kagame, President (2000–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Grégoire Kayibanda, Prime minister (1961–1962)
• Sylvestre Nsanzimana, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Dismas Nsengiyaremye, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Agathe Uwilingiyimana, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Jean Kambanda, Prime minister (1994)
• Faustin Twagiramungu, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime minister (1995–2000)
• Bernard Makuza, Prime minister (2000–2011)

Seychelles

• Colony of Seychelles

British colony, 1903–1976

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Republic of Seychelles

• Presidents (complete list) –

• James Mancham, President (1976–1977)
• France-Albert René, President (1977–2004)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• France-Albert René, Prime minister (1976–1977)

Somalia

• British Somaliland (complete list) –

Protectorate, 1884–1940, 1941–1960

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Trust Territory of Somaliland (complete list) –

United Nations trust territory of Italy, 1950–1960

For details see Italy under southcentral Europe

• State of Somaliland –

• Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, Prime minister (1960)

• Somali Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, President (1960–1967)
• Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, President (1967–1969)
• Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein, Interim President (1969)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, Prime minister (1960)
• Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, Prime minister (1960–1964)
• Abdirizak Haji Hussein, Prime minister (1964–1967)
• Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, Prime minister (1967–1969)

• Somali Democratic Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Siad Barre, President (1969–1991)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Muhammad Ali Samatar, Prime minister (1987–1990)
• Muhammad Hawadle Madar, Prime minister (1990–1991)

• Interim Government of Somalia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ali Mahdi Muhammad, President (1991–1997)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Umar Arteh Ghalib, Prime minister (1991–1997)

• Transitional National Government of the Republic of Somalia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President (2000–2004)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ali Khalif Galaydh, Prime minister (2000–2001)

• Republic of Somaliland (complete list) –

• Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur, President (1991–1993)
• Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President (1993–2002)

Tanzania

• Sultanate of Zanzibar (complete list) –

• Khalifa II, Sultan (1911–1960)
• Abdullah, Sultan (1960–1963)
• Jamshid, Sultan (1963–1964)

• Tanganyika under Britain (complete list) –

United Nations trust territory, 1946–1961

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• United Republic of Tanzania

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Julius Nyerere, President (1964–1985)
• Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President (1985–1995)
• Benjamin Mkapa, President (1995–2005)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Rashidi Kawawa, Prime minister (1972–1977)
• Edward Sokoine, prime minister (1977–1980)
• Cleopa Msuya, Prime minister (1980–1983)
• Edward Sokoine, Prime minister (1983–1984)
• Salim Ahmed Salim, Prime minister (1984–1985)
• Joseph Warioba, Prime minister (1985–1990)
• John Malecela, Prime minister (1990–1994)
• Cleopa Msuya, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Frederick Sumaye, Prime minister (1995–2005)

Uganda

• Ankole (complete list) –

• Gasyonga II, Omugabe (1944–1967)

• Buganda (complete list) –

• Muteesa II, Kabaka (1939–1969)

• Bunyoro (complete list) –

• Winyi IV, Omukama (1925–1967)

• Uganda Protectorate (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1894–1962

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Republic of Uganda

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mutesa II, President (1963–1966)
• Milton Obote, President (1966–1971)
• Idi Amin, President (1971–1979)
• Yusuf Lule, Interim President (1979)
• Godfrey Binaisa, President (1979–1980)
• Paulo Muwanga, President (1980)
• Presidential Commission of Uganda (1980)
• Milton Obote, President (1980–1985)
• Bazilio Olara-Okello, de facto Head of state (1985)
• Tito Okello, President (1985–1986)
• Yoweri Museveni, President (1986–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Benedicto Kiwanuka, Prime minister (1962)
• Milton Obote, Prime minister (1962–1966)
• Otema Allimadi, Prime minister (1980–1985)
• Paulo Muwanga, Prime minister (1985)
• Abraham Waligo, Prime minister (1985–1986)
• Samson Kisekka, Prime minister (1986–1991)
• George Cosmas Adyebo, Prime minister (1991–1994)
• Kintu Musoke, Prime minister (1994–1999)
• Apolo Nsibambi, Prime minister (1999–2011)

Africa: Northcentral[edit]

Libya

• Allied administration of Libya (UK & France) –

Allied military administration, 1942–1951

• Cyrenaica Emirate (complete list) –

• Idris, Emir (1949–1951), King (1951–1969)

• Kingdom of Libya

• Monarch (complete list) –

• Idris, Emir (1949–1951), King (1951–1969)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mahmud al-Muntasir, Prime minister (1951–1954)
• Muhammad Sakizli, Prime minister (1954)
• Mustafa Ben Halim, Prime minister (1954–1957)
• Abdul Majid Kubar, Prime minister (1957–1960)
• Muhammad Osman Said, Prime minister (1960–1963)
• Mohieddin Fikini, Prime minister (1963–1964)
• Mahmud al-Muntasir, Prime minister (1964–1965)
• Hussein Maziq, Prime minister (1965–1967)
• Abdul Qadir al-Badri, Prime minister (1967)
• Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush, Prime minister (1967–1968)
• Wanis al-Qaddafi, Prime minister (1968–1969)

• Libyan Arab Republic / Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

• Heads of state and Secretaries-General (complete list) –

• Muammar Gaddafi,

• Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977)
• Secretary General of the General People's Congress (1977–1979)
• Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979–2011)

• Abdul Ati al-Obeidi, Secretary-General (1979–1981)
• Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab, Secretary-General (1981–1984)
• Mifta al-Usta Umar, Secretary-General (1984–1990)
• Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa, Secretary-General (1990–1992)
• Muhammad az-Zanati, Secretary-General (1992–2008)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mahmud Sulayman al-Maghribi, Prime minister (1969–1970)
• Muammar Gaddafi, Prime minister (1970–1972)
• Abdessalam Jalloud, Prime minister (1972–1977)
• Abdul Ati al-Obeidi, Prime minister (1977–1979)
• Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi, Prime minister (1979–1984)
• Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab, Prime minister (1984–1986)
• Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi, Prime minister (1986–1987)
• Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir, Prime minister (1987–1990)
• Abuzed Omar Dorda, Prime minister (1990–1994)
• Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud, Prime minister (1994–1997)
• Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, Prime minister (1997–2000)
• Imbarek Shamekh, Prime minister (2000–2003)

Tunisia

• Beylik of Tunis

• Beys (complete list) –

• Muhammad VIII al-Amin, Bey (1943–1956)

• Grand viziers (complete list) –

• Mohamed Chenik, Prime minister (1950–1952)
• Slaheddine Baccouche, Prime minister (1952–1954)
• Mohamed Salah Mzali, Prime minister (1954)
• Georges Dupoizat, Interim Prime minister (1954)
• Tahar Ben Ammar, Prime minister (1954–1956)

• French protectorate of Tunisia (complete list) –

Protectorate, 1881–1956

For details see France under western Europe

• Kingdom of Tunisia

• King (complete list) –

• Muhammad VIII al-Amin, King (1956–1957)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Tahar Ben Ammar, Prime minister (1956)
• Habib Bourguiba, Prime minister (1956–1957)

• Republic of Tunisia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Habib Bourguiba, President (1957–1987)
• Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President (1987–2011)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Bahi Ladgham, Prime minister (1969–1970)
• Hedi Amara Nouira, Prime minister (1970–1980)
• Mohammed Mzali, Prime minister (1980–1986)
• Rachid Sfar, Prime minister (1986–1987)
• Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Prime minister (1987)
• Hédi Baccouche, Prime minister (1987–1989)
• Hamed Karoui, Prime minister (1989–1999)
• Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime minister (1999–2011)

Africa: Northeast[edit]

Egypt

• Kingdom of Egypt

• King (complete list) –

• Farouk I, King (1936–1952)
• Fuad II, King (1952–1953)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1950–1952)
• Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1952)
• Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly, Prime minister (1952)
• Hussein Serry Pasha, Prime minister (1952)
• Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly, Prime minister (1952)
• Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1952)
• Mohammed Naguib, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1952–1953)

• Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mohammed Naguib, President (1953–1954)
• Gamal Abdel Nasser, President (1954–1970)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mohammed Naguib, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1953–1954)
• Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954)
• Mohammed Naguib, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954)
• Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954–1962)

• United Arab Republic –

• Gamal Abdel Nasser, President and Prime minister (1958–1961)

• Arab Republic of Egypt

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Gamal Abdel Nasser, President (1954–1970)
• Anwar Sadat, President (1970–1981)
• Sufi Abu Taleb, Interim President (1981)
• Hosni Mubarak, President (1981–2011)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954–1962)
• Ali Sabri, Prime minister (1962–1965)
• Zakaria Mohieddin, Prime minister (1965–1966)
• Mohamed Sedki Sulayman, Prime minister (1966–1967)
• Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister (1967–1970)
• Mahmoud Fawzi, Prime minister (1970–1972)
• Aziz Sedky, Prime minister (1972–1973)
• Anwar Sadat, Prime minister (1973–1974)
• Abd El Aziz Mohamed Hegazi, Prime minister (1974–1975)
• Mamdouh Salem, Prime minister (1975–1978)
• Mustafa Khalil, Prime minister (1978–1980)
• Anwar Sadat, Prime minister (1980–1981)
• Hosni Mubarak, Prime minister (1981–1982)
• Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin, Prime minister (1982–1984)
• Kamal Hassan Ali, Prime minister (1984–1985)
• Aly Lotfy Mahmoud, Prime minister (1985–1986)
• Atef Sedky, Prime minister (1986–1996)
• Kamal Ganzouri, Prime minister (1996–1999)
• Atef Ebeid, Prime minister (1999–2004)

Sudan

• Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (complete list / complete list) –

Condominium of the United Kingdom and Egypt, 1899–1956

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ibrahim Abboud, President (1958–1964)
• Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, President (1964–1965)
• Ismail al-Azhari, President (1965–1969)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ismail al-Azhari, Prime minister (1954–1956)
• Abdallah Khalil, Prime minister (1956–1958)
• Ibrahim Abboud, Prime minister (1958–1964)
• Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, Prime minister (1964–1965)
• Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub, Prime minister (1965–1966)
• Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime minister (1966–1967)
• Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub, Prime minister (1967–1969)

• Democratic Republic of the Sudan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Gaafar Nimeiry, President (1969–1985)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Babiker Awadalla, Prime minister (1969)
• Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime minister (1969–1976)
• Rashid Bakr, Prime minister (1976–1977)
• Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime minister (1977–1985)
• Al-Jazuli Daf'allah, Prime minister (1985)

• Republic of the Sudan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab, President (1985–1986)
• Ahmed al-Mirghani, President (1986–1989)
• Omar al-Bashir, President (1989–2019)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Al-Jazuli Daf'allah, Prime minister (1985–1986)
• Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime minister (1986–1989)

Africa: Northwest[edit]

Algeria

• French Algeria (complete list) –

French Départements, 1830–1962

For details see France under western Europe

• People's Democratic Republic of Algeria

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abderrahmane Farès, President (1962)
• Ferhat Abbas, President (1962–1963)
• Ahmed Ben Bella, President (1963–1965)
• Houari Boumediene

• Chairman of the Revolutionary Council (1965–1976)
• President (1976–1978)

• Rabah Bitat, Interim President (1978–1979)
• Chadli Bendjedid, President (1979–1992)
• Abdelmalek Benhabyles, Interim President (1992)
• Mohamed Boudiaf, Chairman of the High Council (1992)
• Ali Kafi, President (1992–1994)
• Liamine Zéroual, President (1994–1999)
• Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President (1999–2019)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ahmed Ben Bella, Prime minister (1962–1963)
• Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani, Prime minister (1979–1984)
• Abdelhamid Brahimi, Prime minister (1984–1988)
• Kasdi Merbah, Prime minister (1988–1989)
• Mouloud Hamrouche, Prime minister (1989–1991)
• Sid Ahmed Ghozali, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Belaid Abdessalam, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Redha Malek, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Mokdad Sifi, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime minister (1995–1998)
• Smail Hamdani, Prime minister (1998–1999)
• Ahmed Benbitour, Prime minister (1999–2000)
• Ali Benflis, Prime minister (2000–2003)

Morocco

• Sultanate/ Kingdom of Morocco

French protectorate, 1912–1956; Spanish protectorate, 1912–1956; Tangier International Zone, 1924–1956

• Alaouite dynasty (complete list) –

• Mohammed V, Sultan (1927–1953, 1955–1957), King (1957–1961)
• Mohammed Ben Aarafa, Sultan (1953–1955)
• Hassan II, King (1961–1999)
• Mohammed VI, King (1999–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mbarek Bekkay, Prime minister (1955–1958)
• Ahmed Balafrej, Prime minister (1958)
• Abdallah Ibrahim, Prime minister (1958–1960)
• Ahmed Bahnini, Prime minister (1963–1965)
• Mohamed Benhima, Prime minister (1967–1969)
• Ahmed Laraki, Prime minister (1969–1971)
• Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime minister (1971–1972)
• Ahmed Osman, Prime minister (1972–1979)
• Maati Bouabid, Prime minister (1979–1983)
• Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime minister (1983–1986)
• Azzeddine Laraki, Prime minister (1986–1992)
• Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime minister (1992–1994)
• Abdellatif Filali, Prime minister (1994–1998)
• Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime minister (1998–2002)

• Spanish Sahara, (complete list) –

Overseas territory, 1884–1958; Overseas province, 1958–1975

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

• Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, has limited recognition: Morocco claims Western Sahara

• Presidents (complete list) –

• El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed, President (1976)
• Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Acting President (1976)
• Mohamed Abdelaziz, President (1976–2016)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed, Prime minister (1976–1982)
• Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime minister (1982–1985)
• Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed, Prime minister (1985–1988)
• Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime minister (1988–1993)
• Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime minister (1993–1995)
• Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime minister (1995–1999)
• Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime minister (1999–2003)

Africa: South[edit]

Botswana

• Bechuanaland Protectorate (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1885–1966

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Republic of Botswana

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Seretse Khama, President (1966–1980)
• Quett Masire, President (1980–1998)
• Festus Mogae, President (1998–2008)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Seretse Khama, Prime minister (1965–1966)

Eswatini/ Swaziland

• Protectorate of Swaziland

• Kings (complete list) –

• Sobhuza II, Paramount Chief under British rule (1921–1968), King (1968–1982)

• tiNdlovukati (complete list) –

• Nukwase Ndwandwe, Ndlovukati (1938–1957)
• Zihlathi Ndwandwe/Mkhatjwa, Ndlovukati (1957–1975)

• Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland)

• Kings (complete list) –

• Sobhuza II, Paramount Chief under British rule (1921–1968), King (1968–1982)
• Dzeliwe, Regent (1982–1983)
• Sozisa Dlamini, Acting Regent (1983)
• Ntfombi, Regent (1983–1986)
• Mswati III, King (1986–present)

• tiNdlovukati (complete list) –

• Zihlathi Ndwandwe/Mkhatjwa, Ndlovukati (1957–1975)
• Seneleleni, Ndlovukati (1975–1982)
• Dzeliwe, Queen Regent and Ndlovukati (1982–1983)
• Ntfombi, Queen Regent (1983–1986), Ndlovukati (1983–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Makhosini Dlamini, Prime minister (1967–1976)
• Maphevu Dlamini, Prime minister (1976–1979)
• Ben Nsibandze, Acting Prime minister (1979)
• Mabandla Dlamini, Prime minister (1979–1983)
• Bhekimpi Dlamini, Prime minister (1983–1986)
• Sotsha Dlamini, Prime minister (1986–1989)
• Obed Dlamini, Prime minister (1989–1993)
• Andreas Fakudze, Acting Prime minister (1993)
• Jameson Mbilini Dlamini, Prime minister (1993–1996)
• Sishayi Nxumalo, Acting Prime minister (1996)
• Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister (1996–2003)

Lesotho

• Basutoland (complete list) –

British colony, 1884–1966

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Paramount Chiefs (complete list) –

• 'Mantšebo, Regent (1941–1960)
• Moshoeshoe II, Paramount Chief (1960–1966), King (1966–1990, 1995–1996)

• Kingdom of Lesotho

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Moshoeshoe II, Paramount Chief (1960–1966), King (1966–1990, 1995–1996)
• Letsie III, King (1990–1995, 1996–present)

• Heads of government (complete list) –

• Leabua Jonathan, Prime minister (1965–1986)
• Justin Lekhanya, Chairman of the Military Council (1986–1991)
• Elias Phisoana Ramaema, Chairman of the Military Council (1991–1993)
• Ntsu Mokhehle, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Hae Phoofolo, Interim Prime minister (1994)
• Ntsu Mokhehle, Prime minister (1994–1998)
• Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime minister (1998–2012)

Malawi

• Nyasaland (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1907–1964

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Malawi (Commonwealth realm) :

• Monarch (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1964–1966)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hastings Banda, Prime minister (1964–1966)

• Republic of Malawi (complete list) –

• Hastings Banda, President (1966–1994)
• Bakili Muluzi, President (1994–2004)

Mozambique

• Portuguese Mozambique (complete list) –

Colony, 1498–1972; Territory, 1972–1975

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

• People's Republic of Mozambique

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Samora Machel, President (1975–1986)
• Political Bureau of the Central Committee of FRELIMO (1986)
• Joaquim Chissano, President (1986–1990)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime minister (1986–1990)

• Republic of Mozambique

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Joaquim Chissano, President (1990–2005)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime minister (1990–1994)
• Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime minister (1994–2004)

Namibia

• South West Africa (complete list) –

United Nations trust territory, 1946–1990

For details see the South African Republic under southern Africa

• Namibia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Sam Nujoma, President (1990–2005)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hage Geingob, Prime minister (1990–2002)

South Africa

• Union of South Africa

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• George VI, King (1936–1952)
• Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–1961)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Daniel François Malan, Prime minister (1948–1954)
• Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom, Prime minister (1954–1958)
• Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime minister (1958–1966)

• Republic of South Africa

• State presidents (complete list) –

• Charles Robberts Swart, State President (1961–1967)
• Jozua François Naudé, Acting State President (1967–1968)
• Jacobus Johannes Fouché, State President (1968–1975)
• Johannes de Klerk, Acting State President (1975)
• Nico Diederichs, State President (1975–1978)
• Marais Viljoen, Acting State President (1978)
• Balthazar Johannes Vorster, State President (1978–1979)
• Marais Viljoen, State President (1979–1984)
• P. W. Botha, State President (1984–1989)
• F. W. de Klerk, State President (1989–1994)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Nelson Mandela, President (1994–1999)
• Thabo Mbeki, President (1999–2008)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime minister (1958–1966)
• Balthazar Johannes Vorster, Prime minister (1966–1978)
• Pieter Willem Botha, Prime minister (1978–1984)

• Bophuthatswana (complete list) –

• Lucas Mangope, Chief Executive officer/Councillor (1968–1972), Chief Minister (1972–1977), President (1977–1994)
• Rocky Malebane-Metsing, President (1994)

• Ciskei (complete list) –

• Lennox Sebe, President (1981–1990)
• Oupa Gqozo, Chairman (1990–1994)

• Transkei

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Botha Sigcau, President (1976–1978)
• Zwelibanzi Maneli Mabandla, Acting President (1978–1979)
• Kaiser Matanzima, President (1979–1986)
• Tutor Nyangelizwe Vulindlela Ndamase, President (1986–1994)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kaiser Matanzima, Prime minister (1976–1979)
• George Matanzima, Prime minister (1979–1987)
• Dumnisani Gladstone Gwadiso, Acting Prime minister (1987)
• Stella Sigcau, Prime minister (1987)
• Bantu Holomisa, Head of the Military Council (1987–1994)

• Venda (complete list) –

• Patrick Mphephu, President (1979–1988)
• Frank Ravele, Acting President (1988–1990)
• Gabriel Ramushwana, Military Chairman (1990–1994)
• Tshamano Ramabulana, Military Chairman (1994)

Zambia

• Barotseland (complete list) –

• Mwanawina III, Mbumu wa Litunga (1948–1968)

• Northern Rhodesia (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1924–1964

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (complete list) –

Self-governing British colony, 1953–1963

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Republic of Zambia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Kenneth Kaunda, President (1964–1991)
• Frederick Chiluba, President (1991–2002)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –Zambia

• Mainza Chona, Prime minister (1973–1975)
• Elijah Mudenda, Prime minister (1975–1977)
• Mainza Chona, Prime minister (1977–1978)
• Daniel Lisulo, Prime minister (1978–1981)
• Nalumino Mundia, Prime minister (1981–1985)
• Kebby Musokotwane, Prime minister (1985–1989)
• Malimba Masheke, Prime minister (1989–1991)

Zimbabwe

• Southern Rhodesia (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1924–1964

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Rhodesia, unrecognised state

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Clifford Dupont, President (1970–1975)
• Henry Everard, Acting President (1975–1976)
• John Wrathall, President (1976–1978)
• Henry Everard, Acting President (1978)
• Jack William Pithey, Acting President (1978–1979)
• Henry Everard, Acting President (1979)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ian Smith, Prime minister (1964–1979)

• Zimbabwe Rhodesia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Josiah Zion Gumede, President (1979)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abel Muzorewa, Prime minister (1979)

• Republic of Zimbabwe

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Canaan Banana, President (1980–1987)
• Robert Mugabe, President (1987–2017)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Robert Mugabe, Prime minister (1980–1987)

Africa: West[edit]

Benin

• French Dahomey, part of French West Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1904–1958

For details see France under western Europe

• Republic of Dahomey

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Hubert Maga, President (1960–1963)
• Christophe Soglo, Head of the Provisional Government (1963–1964)
• Sourou-Migan Apithy, President (1964–1965)
• Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin, Acting President (1965)
• Tahirou Congacou, Acting President (1965)
• Christophe Soglo, President (1965–1967)
• Jean-Baptiste Hachème, Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee (1967)
• Maurice Kouandété, Head of State (1967)
• Alphonse Alley, Head of State (1967–1968)
• Émile Derlin Zinsou, President (1968–1969)
• Maurice Kouandété, Chief of Staff of the Army (1969)
• Paul-Émile de Souza, Chairman of the Directory (1969–1970)
• Hubert Maga, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1970–1972)
• Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1972)
• Mathieu Kérékou, President (1972–1975)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hubert Maga, Prime minister (1960)
• Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin, Prime minister (1964–1965)
• Christophe Soglo, Prime minister (1965–1967)
• Maurice Kouandété, Prime minister (1967–1972)

• People's Republic of Benin (complete list) –

• Mathieu Kérékou, President (1975–1990)

• Republic of Benin

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mathieu Kérékou, President (1990–1991)
• Nicéphore Soglo, President (1991–1996)
• Mathieu Kérékou, President (1996–2006)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Nicéphore Soglo, Prime minister (1990–1991)
• Adrien Houngbédji, Prime minister (1996–1998)

Burkina Faso

• Kingdom of Koala (complete list) –

• Yempaabu, King (1941–1986)^[1][2]

• Mossi KingdomofBilanga (complete list) –

• Banyikuba, Bilanbedo (1927–1970)

• Mossi KingdomofCon (complete list) –

• Yencabri, ruler (1942–1969)

• Mossi KingdomofLiptako (complete list) –

• Abdullahi Sandu bi Faruku, Almami (1932–1956)
• Usman bi Amiru, Almami (1956–1959)

• Mossi KingdomofMacakoali (complete list) –

• Yendieri, Boopo (1945–1976)

• Mossi KingdomofPama –

• Huntani, Jafuali (1938–1952)
• Yempaabu, Jafuali (1952–?)

• Mossi KingdomofTenkodogo (complete list) –

• Yamba Sorgo, Naaba (1933–1957)

• Mossi Kingdom of Wogodogo (complete list) –

• Naaba Saaga II, Moogo-naaba (1942–1957)
• Naaba Kugri, Moogo-naaba (1957–1982)

• Mossi KingdomofYatenga (complete list) –

• Naaba Tigre, Yatenga naaba (1914–1954)
• Naaba Sigiri, Yatenga naaba (1954–1960)

• French Upper Volta part of French West Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1919–1932, 1947–1958

For details see France under western Europe

• Republic of Upper Volta

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Maurice Yaméogo, President (1960–1966)
• Sangoulé Lamizana, President (1966–1980)
• Saye Zerbo, President (1980–1982)
• Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo, President (1982–1983)
• Thomas Sankara, President (1983–1984)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Gérard Kango Ouédraogo, Prime minister (1971–1974)
• Sangoulé Lamizana, Prime minister (1974–1978)
• Joseph Conombo, Prime minister (1978–1980)
• Saye Zerbo, Prime minister (1980–1982)
• Thomas Sankara, Prime minister (1983)

• Republic of Burkina Faso

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Thomas Sankara, President (1984–1987)
• Blaise Compaoré, President (1987–2014)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Youssouf Ouédraogo, Prime minister (1992–1994)
• Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, Prime minister (1994–1996)
• Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime minister (1996–2000)
• Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime minister (2000–2007)

Cape Verde

• Portuguese Cape Verde (complete list) –

Colony, 1462–1951; Overseas province, 1951–1975

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

• Republic of Cape Verde

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Aristides Pereira, President (1975–1991)
• António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President (1991–2001)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Pedro Pires, Prime minister (1975–1991)
• Carlos Veiga, Prime minister (1991–2000)
• Gualberto do Rosário, Prime minister (2000–2001)

Gambia

• Gambia Colony and Protectorate (complete list) –

British colony and protectorate, 1821–1965

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• The Gambia (1965–1970)

• Head of State (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1965–1970)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Dawda Jawara, Prime minister (1965–1970)

• Republic of the Gambia (complete list) –

• Dawda Jawara, President (1970–1994)
• Yahya Jammeh, Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (1994–1996), President (1996–2017)

Ghana

• Kingdom of Ashanti (complete list) –

• Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempeh II, King (1935–1957)

• Gold Coast (complete list) –

British colony, 1821–1957

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Dominion of Ghana

• Head of State (complete list) –
• Elizabeth II, Queen (1957–1960)
• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kwame Nkrumah, Prime minister (1957–1960)

• Republic of Ghana (complete list) –

• Kwame Nkrumah, President of the First Republic (1960–1966)
• Joseph Arthur Ankrah, Military Head of State (1966–1969)
• Akwasi Afrifa, Military Head of State (1969)
• Akwasi Afrifa, President of the Second Republic (1969–1970)
• Nii Amaa Ollennu, Acting President of the Second Republic (1970)
• Edward Akufo-Addo, President of the Second Republic (1970–1972)
• Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, Military Head of State (1972–1978)
• Fred Akuffo, Military Head of State (1978–1979)
• Jerry Rawlings, Military Head of State (1979)
• Hilla Limann, President of the Third Republic (1979–1981)
• Jerry Rawlings, Military Head of State (1981–1993), President of the Fourth Republic (1993–2001)

Guinea

• French Guinea part of French West Africa (complete list) –

French colony, 1894–1958

For details see France under western Europe

• Republic of Guinea

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ahmed Sékou Touré, President (1958–1984)
• Louis Lansana Beavogui, Acting President (1984)
• Lansana Conté, President (1984–2008)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Louis Lansana Beavogui, Prime minister (1972–1984)
• Diarra Traoré, Prime minister (1984)
• Sidya Touré, Prime minister (1996–1999)
• Lamine Sidimé, Prime minister (1999–2004)

Guinea-Bissau

• Portuguese Guinea (complete list) –

Colony, 1474–1951; Overseas province, 1951–1974

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

• Guinea-Bissau

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Luís Cabral, President (1973–1980)
• João Bernardo Vieira, President (1980–1984)
• Carmen Pereira, Acting President (1984)
• João Bernardo Vieira, President (1984–1999)
• Ansumane Mané, Chairman of the Supreme Command of the Military Junta (1999)
• Malam Bacai Sanhá, Acting President (1999–2000)
• Kumba Ialá, President (2000–2003)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Francisco Mendes, Prime minister (1973–1978)
• Constantino Teixeira, Prime minister (1978)
• João Bernardo Vieira, Prime minister (1978–1980)
• Victor Saúde Maria, Prime minister (1982–1984)
• Carlos Correia, Prime minister (1991–1994)
• Manuel Saturnino da Costa, Prime minister (1994–1997)
• Carlos Correia, Prime minister (1997–1998)
• Francisco Fadul, Prime minister (1998–2000)
• Caetano N'Tchama, Prime minister (2000–2001)

Ivory Coast

• French Ivory Coast part of French West Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1893–1960

For details see France under western Europe

• Republic of Ivory Coast

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President (1960–1993)
• Henri Konan Bédié, President (1993–1999)
• Robert Guéï, President (1999–2000)
• Laurent Gbagbo, President (2000–2011)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Prime minister (1960)
• Alassane Ouattara, Prime minister (1990–1993)
• Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime minister (1993–1999)
• Seydou Diarra, Prime minister (2000)
• Pascal Affi N'Guessan, Prime minister (2000–2003)

Liberia

• Liberia (complete list) –

• William Tubman, President (1944–1971)
• William R. Tolbert Jr., President (1971–1980)
• Samuel Doe, Chairman of the People's Redemption Council (1980–1986), president (1986–1990)
• Amos Sawyer, President of the Interim Government of National Unity (1990–1994)
• David D. Kpormakpor, Chairman of the Council of State (1994–1995)
• Wilton G. S. Sankawulo, Chairman of the Council of State (1995–1996)
• Ruth Perry, Chairwoman of the Council of State (1996–1997)
• Charles Taylor, President (1997–2003)

Mali

• French Sudan part of French West Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1880–1958

• Mali Federation (complete list) –

French territory, united together with Senegal 1959–1960

For details see France under western Europe

• Republic of Mali

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Modibo Keïta, Head of State (1960–1965), President (1965–1968)
• Moussa Traoré, Chairman of the Military Committee for National Liberation (1968–1969), Head of State (1969–1979), President (1979–1991)
• Amadou Toumani Touré, Chairman of the National Reconciliation Council (1991), Chairman of the Transitional Committee (1991–1992)
• Alpha Oumar Konaré, President (1992–2002)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Modibo Keïta, Prime minister (1960–1965)
• Yoro Diakité, Prime minister (1968–1969)
• Mamadou Dembelé, Prime minister (1986–1988)
• Soumana Sacko, Acting Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Younoussi Touré, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Abdoulaye Sékou Sow, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, Prime minister (1994–2000)
• Mandé Sidibé, Prime minister (2000–2002)

Mauritania

• Colonial Mauritania part of French West Africa (complete list) –

French colony, 1903–1960

For details see France under western Europe

• Islamic Republic of Mauritania

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Moktar Ould Daddah, Acting Head of State (1960–1978), President (1960–1978)
• Mustafa Ould Salek, Chairman of the Military Committee for National Recovery (1978–1979)
• Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly, Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation (1979–1980)
• Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation (1980–1984)
• Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation (1984–1992), President (1992–2005)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Moktar Ould Daddah, Prime minister (1960–1961)
• Ahmed Ould Bouceif, Prime minister (1979)
• Ahmed Salim Ould Sidi, Acting Prime minister (1979)
• Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, Prime minister (1979–1980)
• Sid Ahmed Ould Bneijara, Prime minister (1980–1981)
• Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime minister (1981–1984)
• Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, Prime minister (1984)
• Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime minister (1984–1992)
• Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar, Prime minister (1992–1996)
• Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime minister (1996–1997)
• Mohamed Lemine Ould Guig, Prime minister (1997–1998)
• Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime minister (1998–2003)

Niger

• Dosso Kingdom (complete list) –

• Zarmakoy Moumouni, King (1938–1953)
• Zarmakoy Hamani, King (1953–1962)

• Colony of Niger part of French West Africa (complete list) –

French colony, 1921–1960

For details see France under western Europe

• Republic of the Niger

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Hamani Diori, President of the Republic (1960–1974)
• Seyni Kountché, President of the Supreme Military Council (1974–1987)
• Ali Saibou, President of the Supreme Military Council (1987–1989), President of the Republic (1989–1993)
• Mahamane Ousmane, President of the Republic (1993–1996)
• Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, President of the Republic (1996–1999)
• Daouda Malam Wanké, Chairman of the National Reconciliation Council (1999)
• Mamadou Tandja, President of the Republic (1999–2010)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hamani Diori, Prime minister (1958–1960)
• Mamane Oumarou, Prime minister (1983)
• Hamid Algabid, Prime minister (1983–1988)
• Mamane Oumarou, Prime minister (1988–1989)
• Aliou Mahamidou, Prime minister (1990–1991)
• Amadou Cheiffou, Prime minister (1991–1993)
• Mahamadou Issoufou, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Souley Abdoulaye, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Amadou Cissé, Prime minister (1995)
• Hama Amadou, Prime minister (1995–1996)
• Boukary Adji, Prime minister (1996)
• Amadou Cissé, Prime minister (1996–1997)
• Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki, Prime minister (1997–2000)
• Hama Amadou, Prime minister (2000–2007)

Nigeria

• Biafra (complete list) –

• C. Odumegwu Ojukwu, President (1967–1970)
• Philip Effiong, President (1970)

• Egba Ake –

• Ladapo Samuel Ademola II, Alake (1872–1962), in exile (1948–1950), Ruler (1920–1962)

• Ilorin Emirate –

• Abdulkadir Dan Bawa, Emir (1920–1959)
• Zulkarnayni Gambari "Aiyelabowo V", Emir (1959–1992)

• Suleja Emirate (complete list) –

• Sulaimanu Barau, Emir (1944–1979)

• Lagos Colony (complete list) –

British colony, 1821–1957

• Colonial Nigeria (complete list) –

British colony, 1914–1960

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Federal Republic of Nigeria (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1960–1963)
• Nnamdi Azikiwe, President of the First Republic (1963–1966)
• Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, Military Head of State (1966)
• Yakubu Gowon, Military Head of State (1966–1975)
• Murtala Mohammed, Military Head of State (1975–1976)
• Olusegun Obasanjo, Military Head of State (1976–1979)
• Shehu Shagari, President of the Second Republic (1979–1983)
• Muhammadu Buhari, Military Head of State (1983–1985)
• Ibrahim Babangida, Military Head of State (1985–1993)
• Ernest Shonekan, Transition Head of State Third Republic (1993)
• Sani Abacha, Military Head of State (1993–1998)
• Abdulsalami Abubakar, Military Head of State (1998–1999)
• Olusegun Obasanjo, President of the Fourth Republic (1999–2007)

Senegal

• Kingdom of Sine (complete list) –

• Mahecor Joof, Maad a Sinig (1924–c.1960)^[3][4]

• Saloum (complete list) –

• Fode N'Gouye Joof, Maad Saloum (1935–c.1960)^[4][3]

• French West Africa (complete list) –

Federation of colonies, 1895–1958

For details see France under western Europe

• French Senegal part of French West Africa (complete list) –

French colony, 1848–1960

For details see France under western Europe

• Senegambia Confederation

• Abdou Diouf, President (1982–1989)

• Republic of Senegal

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Léopold Sédar Senghor, President (1960–1980)
• Abdou Diouf, President (1981–2000)
• Abdoulaye Wade, President (2000–2012)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mamadou Dia, Prime minister (1960–1962)
• Abdou Diouf, Prime minister (1970–1980)
• Habib Thiam, Prime minister (1981–1983)
• Moustapha Niasse, Acting Prime minister (1983)
• Habib Thiam, Prime minister (1991–1998)
• Mamadou Lamine Loum, Prime minister (1998–2000)
• Moustapha Niasse, Prime minister (2000–2001)

Sierra Leone

• Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate (complete list) –

British colony and protectorate, 1808–1961

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Sierra Leone (Commonwealth realm)

• Monarch (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1961–1971)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Milton Margai, Prime minister (1961–1964)
• Albert Margai, Prime minister (1964–1967)
• Siaka Stevens, Prime minister (1967)
• David Lansana, Prime minister (1967)
• Ambrose Patrick Genda, Prime minister (1967)
• Andrew Juxon Smith, Prime minister (1967–1968)
• Patrick Conteh, Prime minister (1968–1968)
• Siaka Stevens, Prime minister (1968–1971)

• Republic of Sierra Leone

• Presidents (complete list) –

First Republic

• Christopher Okoro Cole, Acting President (1971)
• Siaka Stevens, President (1971–1985)
• Joseph Saidu Momoh, President (1985–1992)

• Prime Ministers of the First Republic (complete list) –

• Siaka Stevens, Prime minister (1968–1971)
• Sorie Ibrahim Koroma, Prime minister (1971–1975)
• Christian Alusine Kamara-Taylor, Prime minister (1975–1978)

Military regime

• Yahya Kanu, Military Head of State (1992)
• Valentine Strasser, Military Head of State (1992–1996)
• Julius Maada Bio, Military Head of State (1996)

Second Republic

• Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President (1996–1997)
• Johnny Paul Koroma, Military Head of State (1997–1998)
• Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President (1998–2007)

Togo

• British Togoland (complete list) –

United Nations Trust Territory, 1946–1956

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• French Togoland (complete list) –

United Nations Trust Territory, 1946–1960

For details see France under western Europe

• Togolese Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Sylvanus Olympio, President (1960–1963)
• Emmanuel Bodjollé, Acting President (1963)
• Nicolas Grunitzky, President (1963–1967)
• Kléber Dadjo, Acting President (1967)
• Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President (1967–2005)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Sylvanus Olympio, Prime minister (1960–1961)
• Joseph Kokou Koffigoh, Prime minister (1991–1994)
• Edem Kodjo, Prime minister (1994–1996)
• Kwassi Klutse, Prime minister (1996–1999)
• Eugene Koffi Adoboli, Prime minister (1999–2000)
• Agbéyomé Kodjo, Prime minister (2000–2002)

Americas[edit]

Americas: Caribbean[edit]

Anguilla

• Republic of Anguilla –

• Peter Adams, Council Chairman (1967)
• Ronald Webster, Council Chairman (1967–1969)

Antigua and Barbuda

• Colonial Antigua (complete list) –

British colony, 1632–1981

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Antigua and Barbuda

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–2022)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Vere Bird, Prime minister (1981–1994)
• Lester Bird, Prime minister (1994–2004)

The Bahamas

• Colony of the Bahamas (complete list) –

British colony, 1648–1973

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• The Bahamas

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1973–2022)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lynden Pindling, Prime minister (1973–1992)
• Hubert Ingraham, Prime minister (1992–2002)

Barbados

• Colonial Barbados (complete list) –

British colony, 1625–1966

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Barbados

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1966–2021)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Errol Barrow, Prime minister (1966–1976)
• Tom Adams, Prime minister (1976–1985)
• Harold Bernard St. John, Prime minister (1985–1986)
• Errol Barrow, Prime minister (1986–1987)
• Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, Prime minister (1987–1994)
• Owen Arthur, Prime minister (1994–2008)

Cuba

• Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Carlos Prío Socarrás, President (1948–1952)
• Fulgencio Batista, President (1952–1959)
• Anselmo Alliegro y Milá, Interim President (1959)
• Carlos Manuel Piedra, Interim President (1959)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Félix Lancís Sánchez, Prime minister (1950–1951)
• Óscar Gans, Prime minister (1951–1952)
• Fulgencio Batista, Prime minister (1952)
• Jorge García Montes, Prime minister (1955–1957)
• Andrés Rivero Agüero, Prime minister (1957–1958)
• Emilio Núñez Portuondo, Prime minister (1958)
• Gonzalo Güell, Prime minister (1958–1959)
• José Miró Cardona, Prime minister (1959)

• Republic of Cuba

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Manuel Urrutia Lleó, President (1959)
• Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President (1959–1976)
• Fidel Castro, President (1976–2008)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Fidel Castro, Prime minister (1959–1976), President of the Council of Ministers (1976–2008)

Dominica

• British Dominica (complete list) –

British Colony, 1763–1978

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Dominica

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Louis Cools-Lartigue, Interim President (1978–1979, 1979)
• Fred Degazon, President (1979–1980)
• Jenner Armour, Acting President (1979–1980)
• Aurelius Marie, President (1980–1983)
• Clarence Seignoret, President (1983–1993)
• Crispin Sorhaindo, President (1993–1998)
• Vernon Shaw, President (1998–2003)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Patrick John, Prime minister (1978–1979)
• Oliver Seraphin, Prime minister (1979–1980)
• Eugenia Charles, Prime minister (1980–1995)
• Edison James, Prime minister (1995–2000)
• Rosie Douglas, Prime minister (2000)
• Pierre Charles, Prime minister (2000–2004)

Dominican Republic

• Third Dominican Republic (complete list) –

• Rafael Trujillo, President (1942–1952)
• Héctor Trujillo, President (1952–1960)
• Joaquín Balaguer, President (1960–1962)

• Armando Óscar Pacheco, Luis Amiama Tió, Antonio Imbert Barrera, Enrique Valdez Vidaurre, Wilfredo Medina Natalio, Huberto Bogaert, Civic-Military Council (1962)

• Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly, President (1962–1963)
• Juan Bosch, President (1963)
• Víctor Elby Viñas Román, Chairman of the Provisional Junta (1963)

• Emilio de los Santos y Salcié, Donald Reid Cabral, Manuel Enrique Tavares Espaillat, Ramón Tapia Espinal, Triumvirate (1963–1965)
• Vinicio Fernández Pérez, Giovanni Gutiérrez Ramírez, Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó, Eladio Ramírez Sánchez, Pedro Bartolomé Benoit, Revolutionary Committee (1965)

• Fourth Dominican Republic (complete list) –

• José Rafael Molina Ureña, Provisional President (1965)
• Pedro Bartolomé Benoit, Provisional President (1965)
• Antonio Imbert Barrera, President (1965)
• Héctor García-Godoy, Provisional President (1965–1966)
• Joaquín Balaguer, President (1966–1978)
• Antonio Guzmán Fernández, President (1978–1982)
• Jacobo Majluta Azar, President (1982)
• Salvador Jorge Blanco, President (1982–1986)
• Joaquín Balaguer, President (1986–1996)
• Leonel Fernández, President (1996–2000)
• Hipólito Mejía, President (2000–2004)

Grenada

• Grenada

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1974–2022)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Eric Gairy, Prime minister (1974–1979)
• Maurice Bishop, de facto Prime minister (1979–1983)
• Bernard Coard, de facto Prime minister (1983)
• Hudson Austin, de facto Prime minister (1983)
• Nicholas Brathwaite, de facto Prime minister (1983–1984)
• Herbert Blaize, Prime minister (1984–1989)
• Ben Jones (Grenada), Prime minister (1989–1990)
• Nicholas Brathwaite, Prime minister (1990–1995)
• George Brizan, Prime minister (1995)
• Keith Mitchell, Prime minister (1995–2008)

Haiti

• Second Haitian Republic

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Paul Magloire, President (1950–1956)
• Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis, Provisional President (1956–1957)
• Franck Sylvain, Provisional President (1957)
• Executive Government Council (1957)
• Daniel Fignolé, Provisional President (1957)
• Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau, Chairman of the Military Council (1957)

• Duvalier dynasty, Haiti

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• François Duvalier, President (1957–1964), President for Life (1964–1971)
• Jean-Claude Duvalier, President for Life (1971–1986)

• Third Haitian Republic

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Henri Namphy, President of the National Council of Government (1986–1988)
• Leslie Manigat, President (1988)
• Henri Namphy, President (1988)
• Prosper Avril, President (1988–1990)
• Hérard Abraham, Acting President (1990)
• Ertha Pascal-Trouillot, Provisional President (1990–1991)
• Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (1991)
• Raoul Cédras, Acting President (1991)
• Joseph Nérette, Provisional President (1991–1992)
• Marc Bazin, Acting President (1992–1993)
• Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (1993–1994)
• Émile Jonassaint, Provisional President (1994)
• Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (1994–1996)
• René Préval, President (1996–2001)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Martial Célestin, Prime minister (1988)
• René Préval, Prime minister (1991)
• Jean-Jacques Honorat, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Marc Bazin, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Robert Malval, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Smarck Michel, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Claudette Werleigh, Prime minister (1995–1996)
• Rosny Smarth, Prime minister (1996–1997)
• Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime minister (1999–2001)

Jamaica

• Jamaica

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1962–2022)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Alexander Bustamante, Prime minister (1962–1967)
• Donald Sangster, Prime minister (1967)
• Hugh Shearer, Prime minister (1967–1972)
• Michael Manley, Prime minister (1972–1980)
• Edward Seaga, Prime minister (1980–1989)
• Michael Manley, Prime minister (1989–1992)
• P. J. Patterson, Prime minister (1992–2006)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

• Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (complete list) –

British colony, 1882–1983

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Saint Kitts and Nevis

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1983–2022)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kennedy Simmonds, Prime minister (1983–1995)
• Denzil Douglas, Prime minister (1995–2015)

Saint Lucia

• Colonial Saint Lucia (complete list) –

British colony, 1802–1979

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Saint Lucia

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–2022)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• John Compton, Prime minister (1979)
• Allan Louisy, Prime minister (1979–1981)
• Winston Cenac, Prime minister (1981–1982)
• Michael Pilgrim, Acting Prime minister (1982)
• John Compton, Prime minister (1982–1996)
• Vaughan Lewis, Prime minister (1996–1997)
• Kenny Anthony, Prime minister (1997–2006)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

• Colonial Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (complete list) –

British Colony, 1763–1979

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–2022)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Milton Cato, Prime minister (1979–1984)
• James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime minister (1984–2000)
• Arnhim Eustace, Prime minister (2000–2001)

Trinidad and Tobago

• Colonial Trinidad and Tobago (complete list) –

British colony, 1797–1962

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Dominion of Trinidad and Tobago

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1962–1976)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Eric Williams, Prime minister (1962–1981)

• Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ellis Clarke, President (1976–1987)
• Michael J. Williams, Acting President (1987)
• Noor Hassanali, President (1987–1997)
• A. N. R. Robinson, President (1997–2003)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Eric Williams, Prime minister (1962–1981)
• George Chambers, Prime minister (1981–1986)
• A. N. R. Robinson, Prime minister (1986–1991)
• Patrick Manning, Prime minister (1991–1995)
• Basdeo Panday, Prime minister (1995–2001)

Americas: Central[edit]

Belize

• British Honduras/ Colonial Belize (complete list) –

British colony, 1862–1981

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Belize

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–2022)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• George Cadle Price, Prime minister (1981–1984)
• Manuel Esquivel, Prime minister (1984–1989)
• George Cadle Price, Prime minister (1989–1993)
• Manuel Esquivel, Prime minister (1993–1998)
• Said Musa, Prime minister (1998–2008)

Costa Rica

• Republic of Costa Rica (complete list) –

• Otilio Ulate Blanco, President (1949–1953)
• José Figueres Ferrer, President (1953–1958)
• Mario Echandi Jiménez, President (1958–1962)
• Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich, President (1962–1966)
• José Trejos Fernández, President (1966–1970)
• José Figueres Ferrer, President (1970–1974)
• Daniel Oduber Quirós, President (1974–1978)
• Rodrigo Carazo Odio, President (1978–1982)
• Luis Monge Álvarez, President (1982–1986)
• Óscar Arias, President (1986–1990)
• Rafael Calderón Fournier, President (1990–1994)
• José Figueres Olsen, President (1994–1998)
• Miguel Rodríguez Echeverría, President (1998–2002)

El Salvador

• El Salvador (complete list) –

• Óscar Osorio, President (1950–1956)
• José María Lemus, President (1956–1960)
• Junta of Government, (1960–1961)
• Civic-Military Directory, (1961–1962)
• Eusebio Rodolfo Cordón Cea, Provisional President (1962)
• Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo, President (1962–1967)
• Fidel Sánchez Hernández, President (1967–1972)
• Arturo Armando Molina, President (1972–1977)
• Carlos Humberto Romero, President (1977–1979)

• Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador –

• First Junta: Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez, Mario Antonio Andino, Román Mayorga Quirós, Guillermo Ungo, Adolfo Arnoldo Majano (1979–1980)
• Second Junta: Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez, José Ramón Ávalos Navarrete, Adolfo Arnoldo Majano, Héctor Dada Hirezi, José Antonio Morales Ehrlich (1980)
• Third Junta: José Ramón Ávalos Navarrete, Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez, José Napoleón Duarte, José Antonio Morales Ehrlich (1980–1982)

• El Salvador (complete list) –

• Álvaro Magaña, President (1982–1984)
• José Napoleón Duarte, President (1984–1989)
• Alfredo Cristiani, President (1989–1994)
• Armando Calderón Sol, President (1994–1999)
• Francisco Flores Pérez, President (1999–2004)

Guatemala

• Guatemala (complete list) –

• Juan José Arévalo, President (1945–1951)
• Jacobo Árbenz, President (1951–1954)
• Carlos Enrique Díaz de León, Provisional President (1954)
• Elfego Hernán Monzón Aguirre, Chairman of Military Junta (1954)
• Carlos Castillo Armas, President (1954–1957)
• Luis Arturo González López, Acting President (1957)
• Óscar Mendoza Azurdia, Chairman of Military Junta (1957)
• Guillermo Flores Avendaño, Acting President (1957–1958)
• Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes, President (1958–1963)
• Enrique Peralta Azurdia, President (1963–1966)
• Julio César Méndez Montenegro, President (1966–1970)
• Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio, President (1970–1974)
• Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García, President (1974–1978)
• Fernando Romeo Lucas García, President (1978–1982)
• Efraín Ríos Montt, President (1982–1983)
• Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores, President (1983–1986)
• Vinicio Cerezo, President (1986–1991)
• Jorge Serrano Elías, President (1991–1993)
• Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero, President (1993)
• Ramiro de León Carpio, President (1993–1996)
• Álvaro Arzú, President (1996–2000)
• Alfonso Portillo, President (2000–2004)

Honduras

• Honduras (complete list) –

• Juan Manuel Gálvez, President (1949–1954)
• Julio Lozano Díaz, President (1954–1956)
• Military Government Council, President (1956–1957)
• Ramón Villeda Morales, President (1957–1963)
• Oswaldo López Arellano, President (1963–1971)
• Ramón Ernesto Cruz Uclés, President (1971–1972)
• Oswaldo López Arellano, President (1972–1975)
• Juan Alberto Melgar Castro, President (1975–1978)
• Policarpo Paz García, Provisional President (1978–1982)
• Roberto Suazo Córdova, President (1982–1986)
• José Azcona del Hoyo, President (1986–1990)
• Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero, President (1990–1994)
• Carlos Roberto Reina, President (1994–1998)
• Carlos Roberto Flores, President (1998–2002)

Nicaragua

• Nicaragua (complete list) –

• Anastasio Somoza García, President (1950–1956)
• Luis Somoza Debayle, President (1956–1963)
• René Schick, President (1963–1966)
• Orlando Montenegro Medrano, Acting President (1966)
• Lorenzo Guerrero, President (1966–1967)
• Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President (1967–1972)
• Liberal-Conservative Junta, President (1972–1974)
• Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President (1974–1979)
• Francisco Urcuyo, Acting President (1979)
• Junta of National Reconstruction: Daniel Ortega, Coordinator (1979–1985)
• Daniel Ortega, President (1985–1990)
• Violeta Chamorro, President (1990–1997)
• Arnoldo Alemán, President (1997–2002)

Panama

• Panama

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Arnulfo Arias, President (1949–1951)
• Alcibíades Arosemena, President (1951–1952)
• José Antonio Remón Cantera, President (1952–1955)
• José Ramón Guizado, President (1955)
• Ricardo Arias, President (1955–1956)
• Ernesto de la Guardia, President (1956–1960)
• Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón, President (1960–1964)
• Marco Aurelio Robles, President (1964–1968)
• Arnulfo Arias, President (1968)
• José María Pinilla Fábrega, Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla, Military junta/ Presidents (1968–1969)
• Demetrio B. Lakas, President (1969–1978)
• Aristides Royo, President (1978–1982)
• Ricardo de la Espriella, President (1982–1984)
• Jorge Illueca, President (1984)
• Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino, President (1984–1985)
• Eric Arturo Delvalle, Acting President (1985–1988)
• Manuel Solís Palma, Acting President (1988–1989)
• Francisco Rodríguez, Provisional President (1989)
• Guillermo Endara, President (1989–1994)
• Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President (1994–1999)
• Mireya Moscoso, President (1999–2004)

• Military leaders: de facto Heads of state (1968–1989)

• Omar Torrijos, Military Leader (1968–1981)
• Florencio Flores Aguilar, Military Leader (1981–1982)
• Rubén Darío Paredes, Military Leader (1982–1983)
• Manuel Noriega, Military Leader (1983–1989)

Americas: North[edit]

Canada

• Canada

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• George VI, King (1936–1952)
• Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–2022)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Louis St. Laurent, Prime minister (1948–1957)
• John Diefenbaker, Prime minister (1957–1963)
• Lester B. Pearson, Prime minister (1963–1968)
• Pierre Trudeau, Prime minister (1968–1979)
• Joe Clark, Prime minister (1979–1980)
• Pierre Trudeau, Prime minister (1980–1984)
• John Turner, Prime minister (1984)
• Brian Mulroney, Prime minister (1984–1993)
• Kim Campbell, Prime minister (1993)
• Jean Chrétien, Prime minister (1993–2003)

Mexico

• Mexico (complete list) –

• Miguel Alemán Valdés, President (1946–1952)
• Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, President (1952–1958)
• Adolfo López Mateos, President (1958–1964)
• Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, President (1964–1970)
• Luis Echeverría, President (1970–1976)
• José López Portillo, President (1976–1982)
• Miguel de la Madrid, President (1982–1988)
• Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President (1988–1994)
• Ernesto Zedillo, President (1994–2000)
• Vicente Fox, President (2000–2006)

United States

• United States (complete list) –

• Harry S. Truman, President (1945–1953)
• Dwight D. Eisenhower, President (1953–1961)
• John F. Kennedy, President (1961–1963)
• Lyndon B. Johnson, President (1963–1969)
• Richard Nixon, President (1969–1974)
• Gerald Ford, President (1974–1977)
• Jimmy Carter, President (1977–1981)
• Ronald Reagan, President (1981–1989)
• George H. W. Bush, President (1989–1993)
• Bill Clinton, President (1993–2001)

Americas: South[edit]

Argentina

• Argentina (complete list) –

• Juan Perón, President (1946–1955)
• Eduardo Lonardi, de facto President (1955)
• Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, de facto President (1955–1958)
• Arturo Frondizi, President (1958–1962)
• José María Guido, Interim President (1962–1963)
• Arturo Umberto Illia, President (1963–1966)
• Military Junta, (1966)
• Juan Carlos Onganía, de facto President (1966–1970)
• Military Junta, (1970)
• Roberto M. Levingston, de facto President (1970–1971)
• Alejandro A. Lanusse, de facto President (1971–1973)
• Héctor José Cámpora, President (1973)
• Raúl Alberto Lastiri, Interim President (1973)
• Juan Perón, President (1973–1974)
• Isabel Perón, President (1974–1976)
• Jorge Rafael Videla, President of the Military Junta (1976–1981)
• Roberto Eduardo Viola, President of the Military Junta (1981)
• Horacio Tomás Liendo, de facto Acting President (1981)
• Carlos Alberto Lacoste, de facto Interim President (1981)
• Leopoldo Galtieri, de facto President of the Military Junta (1981–1982)
• Alfredo Oscar Saint-Jean, de facto Interim President (1982)
• Reynaldo Bignone, de facto President (1982–1983)
• Raúl Alfonsín, President (1983–1989)
• Carlos Menem, President (1989–1999)
• Fernando de la Rúa, President (1999–2001)