Jump to content
 







Main menu
   


Navigation  



Main page
Contents
Current events
Random article
About Wikipedia
Contact us
Donate
 




Contribute  



Help
Learn to edit
Community portal
Recent changes
Upload file
 








Search  

































Create account

Log in
 









Create account
 Log in
 




Pages for logged out editors learn more  



Contributions
Talk
 



















Contents

   



(Top)
 


1 Premise  





2 Cast and characters  



2.1  Main  





2.2  Recurring  





2.3  Guest  







3 Episodes  





4 Production  



4.1  Development  





4.2  Casting  





4.3  Filming  





4.4  Music  





4.5  Cancellation  







5 Release  



5.1  Home media  







6 Reception  



6.1  Critical response  





6.2  Awards and nominations  







7 Notes  





8 References  





9 External links  














Lovecraft Country (TV series)






العربية
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français

Italiano
עברית
Nederlands

Polski
Português
Русский
Српски / srpski
Türkçe

 

Edit links
 









Article
Talk
 

















Read
Edit
View history
 








Tools
   


Actions  



Read
Edit
View history
 




General  



What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Cite this page
Get shortened URL
Download QR code
Wikidata item
 




Print/export  



Download as PDF
Printable version
 




In other projects  



Wikimedia Commons
 
















Appearance
   

 






From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 


Lovecraft Country
Genre
  • Period drama
  • Supernatural horror[2]
  • Science fiction
  • Based onLovecraft Country
    byMatt Ruff
    Developed byMisha Green
    ShowrunnerMisha Green
    Starring
  • Jonathan Majors
  • Aunjanue Ellis
  • Courtney B. Vance
  • Wunmi Mosaku
  • Abbey Lee
  • Jamie Chung
  • Jada Harris
  • Michael K. Williams
  • Music byLaura Karpman and Raphael Saadiq
    Ending theme"Sinnerman" by Alice Smith
    Country of originUnited States
    Original languageEnglish
    No. of seasons1
    No. of episodes10
    Production
    Executive producers
    • Misha Green
  • J. J. Abrams
  • Jordan Peele
  • Yann Demange
  • David Knoller (pilot)
  • Bill Carraro
  • Ben Stephenson
  • Daniel Sackheim
  • Producers
    • Christina Varotsis
  • Dana Robin
  • Cinematography
    • Tat Radcliffe
  • Robert McLachlan
  • Michael Watson
  • Editors
    • Marta Evry
  • Chris Wyatt
  • Joel T. Pashby
  • Bjørn T. Myrholt
  • Ian S. Tan
  • Sean Albertson
  • Paul Harb
  • Camera setupSingle-camera
    Running time53–68 minutes
    Production companies
    • Afemme
  • Monkeypaw Productions
  • Bad Robot
  • Warner Bros. Television
  • Original release
    NetworkHBO
    ReleaseAugust 16 (2020-08-16) –
    October 18, 2020 (2020-10-18)

    Lovecraft Country is an American horror drama television series developed by Misha Green based on and serving as a continuation of the 2016 novelbyMatt Ruff. Starring Jurnee Smollett and Jonathan Majors, it premiered on August 16, 2020, on HBO.[3] The series is produced by Monkeypaw Productions, Bad Robot, and Warner Bros. Television. The series is about a young black man who travels across the segregated United States in the 1950s in search of his missing father, learning of dark secrets plaguing a town on which famous horror writer H. P. Lovecraft supposedly based the location of many of his fictional tales. While a second season, Lovecraft Country: Supremacy, was in development, HBO announced in July 2021 that the series had been canceled.[4]

    Premise[edit]

    Lovecraft Country follows "Atticus Freeman as he joins up with his friend Letitia and his Uncle George to embark on a road trip across 1950s Jim Crow America in search of his missing father. This begins a struggle to survive and overcome both the racist terrors of white America and the terrifying monsters that could be ripped from a Lovecraft paperback".[5]

    The episodes "I Am." and "Jig-a-Bobo" establish that the Lovecraft Country novel exists in the continuity of the series as a novel written by George Freeman II, fictionalizing the events of the series which are retrieved from the future by his father, Atticus Freeman, in an attempt to change the story's narrative conclusion.

    Cast and characters[edit]

    Main[edit]

    Recurring[edit]

    Guest[edit]

    Episodes[edit]

    No.TitleDirected byTeleplay byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers
    (millions)
    1"Sundown"Yann DemangeMisha GreenAugust 16, 2020 (2020-08-16)0.760[7]
    After arriving in Chicago, Korean War veteran Atticus Freeman discovers a letter from his missing father, Montrose, inviting him to discover his family legacy in Ardham, Massachusetts. Atticus, his uncle George (who writes a Green Book–style Black travel guide), and his friend Leti set off on a road trip to Devon County, Massachusetts. A group of murderous white men chase them out of the first town they stop in, but they escape thanks to the intervention of an unknown white woman, who somehow causes the mob's car to flip over. Soon after, they encounter the racist sheriff of Devon County, Eustice Hunt, who is eager to enforce the county's sundown law. Just after sunset, the sheriff's deputies force the travelers into the woods with the intent to lynch them, but the entire group is attacked by vicious monsters called shoggoths. Atticus, George and Leti fight their way out, while the police officers perish. The shoggoths are called away by a whistle. In the morning, the trio stumbles out of the woods to find an enormous mansion, where they are welcomed by a mysterious white man, William, who greets them warmly.
    2"Whitey's on the Moon"Daniel SackheimMisha GreenAugust 23, 2020 (2020-08-23)0.867[8]
    William explains that the mansion is Ardham Lodge, designed by Titus Braithwhite, a slave trader and the founder of an occult secret society of wizards called the Sons of Adam. George realizes that Atticus is a descendant (through implied rape) of Titus and thus a premier member of the Sons. Because of this powerful heritage, Samuel Braithwhite, the current owner of the Lodge and leader of the Sons, plans to use – and potentially sacrifice – Atticus in an upcoming ritual. The white woman who helped the group earlier is revealed to be Samuel's daughter, Christina, who has a whistle that controls the monsters. After telling Atticus that not all white people are bad, she traps the travelers in their respective rooms with magic force fields. They eventually break out and rescue Montrose, who George had earlier deduced was being held captive in a nearby village. Samuel stops them, shooting and killing Leti and seriously wounding George. Atticus agrees to cooperate in the ritual to save their lives, but the magic backfires as a black woman in a 19th-century dress appears (implied to be Atticus's slave ancestor), turning Samuel and the other Sons to stone and burning down the mansion. Atticus escapes, only to discover that although Leti has been resurrected, George has succumbed to his wounds.
    3"Holy Ghost"Daniel SackheimMisha GreenAugust 30, 2020 (2020-08-30)0.747[9]
    Three weeks after George's funeral, Leti uses an unexpected inheritance from her deceased mother to buy a dilapidated Victorian mansion in an all-white neighborhood on Chicago's North Side, filling it with black renters together with her half-sister Ruby. The white neighbors harass them and burn a cross on the lawn. A white supremacist police officer, Captain Lancaster, threatens Leti. Inside the house, supernatural activity flares up. Leti learns that the previous owner was a white scientist, Hiram Epstein. With the help of Lancaster, he kidnapped, experimented on, and killed eight black people before burying them under the house. All nine spirits are trapped there. With the help of a medium and the black spirits, Leti banishes Epstein's malevolent ghost. Later, Atticus finds Christina Braithwhite in Chicago; she survived the fire. Atticus has deduced that she was secretly the source of the "inheritance" and had steered Leti to the house. Christina explains that the house was built by Horatio Winthrop, a Sons of Adam member banished after stealing pages from The Book of Names in the 1800s, and that Epstein was a follower of Winthrop's. She asks Atticus to help her find the missing pages, which could help decipher "the language of Adam". Atticus attempts to shoot her, but he is not able to pull the trigger.
    4"A History of Violence"Victoria MahoneyTeleplay by : Misha Green
    Story by : Wes Taylor
    September 6, 2020 (2020-09-06)[a]0.630[11]
    Montrose learns that Titus Braithwhite's pages from the Book of Names are stored in a vault in a museum in Boston where Braithwhite donated a wing dedicated to his career as an explorer. Montrose tries to hide this information from Tic, as he wants his son to stop pursuing magic, but he eventually relents and goes with Tic and Leti to the museum. They break into the vault after hours and find a desiccated corpse bent over the pages. When Tic tries to take them, the corpse reanimates into an Arawak Two-Spirit named Yahima. Yahima tell Tic that Braithwhite kidnapped them and locked them in the vault after they translated the pages for him. They agree to leave with the Chicago travelers, but the vault begins to flood, and the four barely escape. Upon returning to Chicago, Montrose murders Yahima to keep them from revealing more information about the pages. Meanwhile, Sheriff Lancaster and Christina vie over control of the Chicago Sons of Adam lodge, William seduces Ruby, and Hippolyta and Diana go in search of answers about George's death.
    5"Strange Case"Cheryl DunyeMisha Green and Jonathan I. Kidd & Sonya Winton-OdamttenSeptember 13, 2020 (2020-09-13)0.744[12]
    After sleeping with William, Ruby wakes up as a white woman and William reveals to her his metamorphosis potion. Montrose tells Atticus that he has taken care of Yahima and destroyed the pages, causing his son to nearly beat him to death. Leti tells Atticus that she is afraid of his anger, but the two later reconcile and have sex. Montrose goes to Sammy's apartment and has sex with him. As Tic works on deciphering the "Language of Adam" from Leti's photos, Leti warns him that the use of magic is inherently evil and will corrupt him. Ruby decides to keep using the potion for its privilege and gets a job as an associate manager at the department store under the name of Hillary. William tells her that she must perform a "favor" for Christina by planting a runic stone in Captain Lancaster's office. While doing so, she discovers an imprisoned man who has been tortured and learns that Captain Lancaster has a partially black body. Later, Ruby witnesses her white boss, Paul, attempt to sexually assault Tamara. After Christina tells Ruby to embrace power, Ruby rapes Paul with a stiletto heel. Ruby confronts William and asks what he and Christina do in the basement and William metamorphoses into Christina. As Atticus works on the language, he translates something that causes him to call his former lover, Ji-Ah, in South Korea.
    6"Meet Me in Daegu"Helen ShaverMisha Green and Kevin LauSeptember 20, 2020 (2020-09-20)0.737[13]
    In 1949 South Korea, Ji-Ah studies to be a nurse and lives with her mother who demands she pick up men to have sex with. Ji-Ah brings home a man and kills him with her tentacle-like "Nine Tails" that project out of her body. It is revealed that Ji-Ah is possessed by a kumiho, the "Nine-tailed Fox" spirit and she must kill 100 men to be human again. Her stepfather was raping her, and her mother had a shaman send the kumiho to possess her daughter to kill him. In 1950, the Korean War begins and Ji-Ah works as a nurse. To smoke out a Communist spy, the Americans arrest the nurses and Atticus executes one of the nurses. Ji-Ah's friend Young-Ja reveals herself to be the spy. Ji-Ah decides to seduce Atticus with the intention of killing him, but falls in love with him instead. Ji-Ah believes she can control her "Tails", but while having sex with Atticus, her "tails" emerge and attack him. She has a vision of his future and tells him he will die if he returns to America. Atticus ends the relationship. Ji-Ah and her mother consult the shaman who tells them that many more will die.
    7"I Am."Charlotte SielingMisha Green and Shannon HoustonSeptember 27, 2020 (2020-09-27)0.755[14]
    Hippolyta visits the ruins of the Ardham Lodge and discovers that George was there. She works out how to use the orrery and finds a key hidden within. Christina shows Ruby the corpse of William (who was killed by Lancaster) and Dell, and asks for her help. Leti and Atticus discover that they are both having dreams of Hanna (Atticus's slave ancestor) and deduce that she escaped with the Book of Names. Atticus discovers his father's homosexuality while Leti finds she is pregnant. Atticus goes to St. Louis to contact a relative and is told the Book of Names was lost in the Tulsa race massacre of 1921. Hippolyta goes to the Winthrop observatory and uses the key. Leti finds the orrery and tells Atticus where Hippolyta has gone. Atticus saves Hippolyta from two of Lancaster's policemen, but in the struggle, a portal to another dimension is opened. Atticus and Hippolyta both fall through. Hippolyta discovers she has the power to be whoever she wants. She befriends Josephine Baker in 1920s Paris, becomes a Dahomey Amazon, defeats a group of Confederate soldiers and meets George again, finally embracing her true identity as a "discoverer". Atticus returns from the other dimension.
    8"Jig-a-Bobo"Misha GreenMisha Green and Ihuoma OfordireOctober 4, 2020 (2020-10-04)0.627[15]
    Atticus, Leti, Ruby, Montrose and Diana attend the memorial for Emmett Till (who was a friend of Diana's). Diana, distressed at being abandoned by Hippolyta, is stopped by Lancaster who demands she give him the orrery and when she refuses, he casts a spell that leads to two malevolent spirits, Topsy and Bopsy, to haunt her. Atticus gives Christina the key to the orrery / time machine in exchange for learning how to cast spells. Christina is planning to sacrifice Atticus at the fall equinox to be immortal. Ruby grows closer to Christina, but is hurt when she tells her that she does not care about Till's lynching. Ji-Ah arrives in Chicago but her presence angrily upsets Leti and causes the latter to disown Atticus. Montrose and Atticus reconcile. Atticus says he visited the future while at the Winthrop observatory and will have a son by Leti named George who will write the book Lovecraft Country. Leti trades the negatives of her photos in exchange for Christina casting a spell. Montrose and Atticus cast a spell to protect them, but nothing happens. Two men kill Christina in the same manner as Till and dump her corpse into Lake Michigan, but she revives. A suddenly more appreciative Ruby tells Leti of her relationship with William / Christina. Diana is attacked by Topsy and Bopsy and collapses. Lancaster attempts to enter Leti's house to find the orrery, but when he cannot, he and his policemen shoot up the house. A policeman tries to shoot Atticus, but a shoggoth appears who kills the policemen and tears off Lancaster's arm. Leti observes that Atticus's spell worked after all.
    9"Rewind 1921"Jeffrey NachmanoffMisha Green & Jonathan I. Kidd & Sonya Winton-OdamttenOctober 11, 2020 (2020-10-11)0.671[16]
    Hippolyta returns to Chicago to find Atticus, Leti and Montrose struggling to keep Diana alive after her being cursed by Lancaster. Ruby summons Christina, who uses Hippolyta's blood to "reset" the curse but warns that because Lancaster was the only one who knew the curse, it cannot be fully lifted. Christina visits and taunts a dying Lancaster and convinces Ruby to aid her in her quest for immortality, even after Ruby learns that the spell will kill Tic. The others decide to use Hiram's multiverse machine to travel back in time to 1921 Tulsa, where Tic's mother's family held the Book of Names before it was destroyed in the Tulsa race massacre. Upon arriving in 1921, Tic, Leti and Montrose witness a young Montrose being beaten by his father. The adult Montrose flees. Tic goes looking for Montrose and finds him watching his younger self rebuke a potential love interest of his (Thomas) due to him struggling with internalized homophobia and the external oppression at the time, before the pair of them, as well as young George and Dora, are set upon by a white mob, who succeed in killing Thomas. Tic comes to everyone else's rescue. Leti is saved from attackers by Tic's mother's family, who hide her in their house as it is attacked by another mob, and Leti convinces Tic's great-grandmother to hand over the Book of Names by promising to safeguard her family and their legacy. The trio flee the burning city and return to 1955 through the portal.
    10"Full Circle"Nelson McCormickTeleplay by : Misha Green
    Story by : Misha Green & Ihuoma Ofordire
    October 18, 2020 (2020-10-18)0.881[17]
    Letitia brings the book of names to the group. They open it and Tic and Letitia collapse. They enter an ancestral realm that looks like Tic's Mother's home surrounded by fire. Tic's Mother warns him he will have to be a hero and sacrifice himself. They are able to lift Diana's curse but her arm remains withered. Tic and Letitia go to Titus's vault and use the book of names to summon him. They take a piece of his flesh to use in a spell to bind Christina. Tic meets with Ji-ah, he apologizes and tells her he considers her family. Letitia asks Ruby to help them get a piece of Christina's body for the spell. The group travel to Ardham to try and stop Christina, enjoying a sing-a-long on the way. Christina's followers surround Tic and strap him to an altar. Letitia and Ruby are preparing the spell when Ruby is revealed to be Christina in disguise. They fight and Christina pushes Letitia from a tower. Christina performs the ceremony, covering herself in Tic's blood. Letitia tries to kill Christina to save him but thanks to the ceremony she is now immortal. Letitia tries to cast the binding spell but without a piece of Christina's body it doesn't work. Ji-Ah uses her tails to connect Tic and Christina. The binding spell works and Christina is bound from ever performing magic, along with all other white people. Tic dies from blood loss. In the final scene, Diana uses her new mechanical arm (courtesy of her mother) to savagely murder Christina, who is trapped by rubble and finally helpless.

    Production[edit]

    Development[edit]

    On May 16, 2017, it was announced that HBO had given a series order to Lovecraft Country. Executive producers include Misha Green, Jordan Peele, J. J. Abrams, and Ben Stephenson. Additionally, Green serves as the series' showrunner and wrote the pilot episode. Production companies involved in the series include Monkeypaw Productions, Bad Robot, and Warner Bros. Television. It was reported that Peele originally brought the project to Bad Robot and enlisted Green to develop the show.[18][19][20][21]

    On March 5, 2018, it was announced that Yann Demange would direct and executive produce the pilot episode.[22][23][24]

    Casting[edit]

    On April 26, 2018, it was announced that Jurnee Smollett had been cast as the series' female lead.[25] On May 2, 2018, it was reported that Jonathan Majors had joined the main cast as the series' male lead.[26] A day later, it was reported that Wunmi Mosaku had also been cast as a series regular.[27] On June 19, 2018, it was announced that Aunjanue Ellis and Elizabeth Debicki had been cast as series regulars and that Courtney B. Vance had joined the series in a recurring capacity.[28] On October 10, 2018, it was reported that Michael Kenneth Williams had been cast in a leading role.[29] On June 14, 2019, it was reported that Abbey Lee had replaced Debicki in the role of Christina Braithwaite, while Jamie Chung and Jordan Patrick Smith had been cast in recurring roles.[30] On June 20, 2019, it was announced that Jamie Neumann, Erica Tazel, and Mac Brandt had been cast in recurring capacities.[31] In July 2019, Tony Goldwyn joined the cast.[32]

    Filming[edit]

    Principal photography for the series began on July 16, 2018 in Chicago, Illinois.[33] Filming also reportedly took place at the Chicago Cinespace Film Studios[34]inElburn, Illinois[35] and White Pines State ParkinMount Morris, Illinois,[36] at Blackhall Studios in Atlanta, Georgia and Macon, Georgia.[37]

    Music[edit]

    Laura Karpman composed the music for the show. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Karpman and her composing team had to score the show individually from their residences in eastern Europe, with Karpman adding some music tracks of her playing piano, keyboards, and other instruments. Karpman reflected on how difficult it was composing the show with the pandemic's restrictions, due to not being able to have immediate interaction with the musicians. She felt satisfied with the finished result.[38]

    Cancellation[edit]

    While a second season had yet to be officially greenlit for production, by February 2021, HBO's president of programming Casey Bloys announced that Misha Green had begun writing and was in early planning stages.[39] On July 2, 2021, HBO announced that the series would not be returning for a second season.[40]InJames Andrew Miller's book Tinderbox: HBO's Ruthless Pursuit of New Frontiers, several writers of the show claimed it was cancelled allegedly due to Green's creation of a toxic work environment.[41]

    Release[edit]

    Lovecraft Country premiered on August 16, 2020, on HBO and HBO Max, and consists of ten episodes.[42][43][3]

    Home media[edit]

    The complete series was released on February 16, 2021, on Blu-ray and DVD.[44]

    Reception[edit]

    Critical response[edit]

    Lovecraft Country has received positive reviews. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an approval rating of 88% based on 367 reviews, with an average rating of 8.05/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "Anchored by Jurnee Smollett-Bell and Jonathan Majors' heroic performances, Misha Green's Lovecraft Country is a thrilling take on Lovecraftian lore that proves the Elder Gods aren't the only thing that goes bump in the cosmos."[45]OnMetacritic, the series has a weighted average score of 79 out of 100, based on 42 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[46]

    Writing for The A.V. Club, Shannon Miller lauded the show's ability to balance Lovecraft's more problematic political views with "an appreciation for [his] unparalleled vision".[47] Brian Tallerico of RogerEbert.com pointed to the show's use of genre storytelling "to peel back layers of American history to reveal the systemic problems underneath it", while also describing it as "marvelously entertaining".[48] Hugo Rifkind of The Times described the show as "brutal and righteously furious".[49] The Chicago Tribune'sMichael Phillips, in reference to earlier, less successful attempts at adaptation of Lovecraft's works, said the show "succeeds where others have not" and commended the show on its themes, despite calling the five episodes available for early review "uneven".[50] The New York Times's Mike Hale credited Green's "impressively seamless job... in wielding the cultural metaphors" as part of the show's strength.[51] In a review for The Dispatch, Alec Dent praised the show's success at "examin[ing] racism in America's past through an unexpected genre", calling it a good reminder that "oftentimes true evil takes a normal guise".[52] In a more critical review, Daniel D'Addario of Variety wrote that "the violence of Lovecraftian horror is so extreme [...] that even the most evil impulses of humanity seem an inadequate counterweight".[53]

    In an analysis of the series, Maya Phillips of The New York Times criticized it for "exploiting [the past] for the purposes of its convoluted fiction", despite a promising premise. She accused the show's creators of using historical events purely "to get points for relevance", notable examples of this being the funeral of Emmett Till and the Tulsa race massacre, both of which are featured in the show.[1]

    Awards and nominations[edit]

    Year Award Category Nominee(s) Result Ref.
    2021 American Film Institute Awards Top 10 TV Programs of the Year Lovecraft Country Won [54]
    Art Directors Guild Awards Excellence in Production Design for a One-Hour Period or Fantasy Single-Camera Series Kalina Ivanov (for "I Am") Nominated [55]
    BET Awards Best Actress Jurnee Smollett Nominated [56]
    Bram Stoker Award Superior Achievement in a Screenplay Misha Green (for "Sundown") Nominated [57]
    Misha Green and Ihuoma Ofordire (for "Jig-a-Bobo") Nominated
    British Academy Television Awards Best International Programme Lovecraft Country Nominated [58]
    Cinema Audio Society Awards Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Television Movie or Limited Series Amanda Beggs, Marc Fishman, Mathew Waters, Brad Hacknell, Miguel Araujo and Brett Voss (for "Sundown") Nominated [59]
    Costume Designers Guild Awards Excellence in Period Television Dayna Pink (for "I Am") Nominated [60]
    Critics' Choice Super Awards Best Actor in a Horror Series Jonathan Majors Nominated [61][62]
    Michael K. Williams Nominated
    Best Actress in a Horror Series Wunmi Mosaku Nominated
    Jurnee Smollett Won
    Best Horror Series Lovecraft Country Won
    Best Villain in a Series Abbey Lee Nominated
    Critics' Choice Television Awards Best Actor in a Drama Series Jonathan Majors Nominated [63]
    Best Actress in a Drama Series Jurnee Smollett Nominated
    Best Drama Series Lovecraft Country Nominated
    Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Michael K. Williams Won
    Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series Wunmi Mosaku Nominated
    Golden Globe Awards Best Television Series – Drama Lovecraft Country Nominated [64]
    Hollywood Critics Association TV Awards Best Actor in a Broadcast Network or Cable Series, Drama Jonathan Majors Nominated [65][66]
    Best Actress in a Broadcast Network or Cable Series, Drama Jurnee Smollett Nominated
    Best Cable Series, Drama Lovecraft Country Nominated
    Best Supporting Actor in a Broadcast Network or Cable Series, Drama Courtney B. Vance Nominated
    Michael K. Williams Won
    Best Supporting Actress in a Broadcast Network or Cable Series, Drama Wunmi Mosaku Nominated
    Hollywood Music in Media Awards Best Original Score in a TV Show/Limited Series Laura Karpman and Raphael Saadiq Nominated [67]
    Best Original Song in a TV Show/Limited Series Laura Karpman, Raphael Saadiq and Janai Brugger (for "Tulsa, 1921 – Catch the Fire") Nominated
    Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild Awards Best Special Make-Up Effects in a Television Series, Limited or Miniseries or New Media Series Carey Jones and Heather Beauvais Nominated [68]
    MTV Movie & TV Awards Most Frightened Performance Jurnee Smollett Nominated [69]
    NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series Jonathan Majors Nominated [70]
    Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series Jurnee Smollett Nominated
    Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series Cheryl Dunye (for "Strange Case") Nominated
    Misha Green (for "Jig-a-Bobo") Nominated
    Outstanding Drama Series Lovecraft Country Nominated
    Outstanding Guest Performance in a Comedy or Drama Series Courtney B. Vance Nominated
    Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Michael K. Williams Nominated
    Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series Aunjanue Ellis Nominated
    Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series Jonathan Majors (for "Sundown") Nominated [71]
    Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series Jurnee Smollett (for "Holy Ghost") Nominated
    Outstanding Drama Series Misha Green, J.J. Abrams, Jordan Peele, Bill Carraro, Yann Demange, Ben Stephenson, Rachel Rusch Rich, Jonathan I. Kidd, Sonya Winton-Odamtten, Matt King and Dana Robin Nominated
    Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Michael K. Williams (for "Rewind 1921") Nominated
    Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series Aunjanue Ellis (for "I Am.") Nominated
    Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series Misha Green (for "Sundown") Nominated
    Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series Kim-Taylor Coleman and Meagan Lewis Nominated
    Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series (One Hour) Tat Radcliffe (for "Sundown") Nominated
    Outstanding Fantasy/Sci-Fi Costumes Dayna Pink, Zachary Sheets and Terry Anderson (for "I Am.") Nominated
    Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series Courtney B. Vance (for "Whitey's on the Moon") Won
    Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup J. Anthony Kosar and Anna Cali (for "Sundown") Nominated
    Outstanding Main Title Design Patrick Clair, Raoul Marks and Ken Taylor Nominated
    Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (Original Dramatic Score) Laura Karpman and Raphael Saadiq (for "Rewind 1921") Nominated
    Outstanding Music Supervision Liza Richardson (for "Strange Case") Nominated
    Outstanding Sound Editing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One-Hour) Tim Kimmel, John Matter, Paula Fairfield, Bradley Katona, Brett Voss, Jeff Lingle, Jason Lingle, Jeffrey Wilhoit and Dylan Tuomy-Wilhoit (for "Sundown") Won
    Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One-Hour) Marc Fishman, Mathew Waters and Amanda Beggs (for "Sundown") Nominated
    Outstanding Special Visual Effects in a Season or a Movie Kevin Blank, Robin Griffin, Francois Dumoulin, Pietro Ponti, Grant Walker, J.D. Schwalm, Robert C. Rhodes, Kevin McCalister and Paige Prokop Nominated
    Outstanding Stunt Performance Janeshia Adams-Ginyard (for "I Am.") Nominated
    Saturn Awards Best Actor on Television Jonathan Majors Nominated [72]
    Best Horror Television Series Lovecraft Country Nominated
    Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series Jamie Chung, Aunjanue Ellis, Jada Harris, Abbey Lee, Jonathan Majors, Wunmi Mosaku, Jordan Patrick Smith, Jurnee Smollett and Michael K. Williams Nominated [73]
    Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Comedy or Drama Series Lovecraft Country Nominated
    Television Critics Association Awards Outstanding Achievement in Drama Nominated [74]
    Visual Effects Society Awards Outstanding Compositing in an Episode Viktor Andersson, Linus Lindblom, Mattias Sandelius, Crawford Reilly (for "Strange Case"; Chrysalis) Won [75][76]
    Outstanding Created Environment in an Episode, Commercial, or Real-Time Project Patrice Poissant, Pauline Lavelle, Mohamed Abdou Elhakim, Alan Lam (for "Tulsa 1921") Nominated
    Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Episode, Commercial, or Real-Time Project Federica Foresti, Johan Gabrielsson, Hugo Medda, Andreas Krieg (for "Strange Case"; Chrysalis) Won
    Outstanding Visual Effects in a Photoreal Episode Kevin Blank, Robin Griffin, Pietro Ponti, Francois Dumoulin (for "Jig-a-Bobo") Nominated
    Women Film Critics Circle Outstanding Series Lovecraft Country Won [77]
    Writers Guild of America Awards New Series Misha Green, Shannon Houston, Jonathan Kidd, Kevin Lau, Ihuoma Ofordire, Wes Taylor and Sonya Winton Nominated [78]

    Notes[edit]

    1. ^ "A History of Violence" was released on September 4, 2020 (2020-09-04) on HBO's website.[10]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ a b Phillips, Maya (October 19, 2020). "The Unintended Racial Horror of Lovecraft Country". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  • ^ Newby, Richard (August 16, 2020). "Lovecraft Country: Inside the HBO Horror Drama's Chilling Premiere". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  • ^ a b "New Drama Series LOVECRAFT COUNTRY Debuts August 16, Exclusively On HBO". WarnerMedia. July 1, 2020. Archived from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  • ^ Alter, Rebecca (July 3, 2021). "HBO Cancels Lovecraft Country After One Season". Vulture. Archived from the original on July 3, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2021.
  • ^ Kreps, Daniel (May 1, 2020). "Lovecraft Country: See First Trailer for Jordan Peele-Produced HBO Horror Series". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  • ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Lovecraft Country: Cast". HBO. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  • ^ Metcalf, Mitch (August 18, 2020). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.16.2020". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
  • ^ Metcalf, Mitch (August 25, 2020). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.23.2020". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on August 25, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  • ^ Metcalf, Mitch (September 1, 2020). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.30.2020". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  • ^ Lovecraft Country [@LovecraftHBO] (September 4, 2020). "We'll still be live-tweeting during #LovecraftCountry Sunday, but If you just can't wait for the party, a new episode is now available to stream early on @HBOMax" (Tweet). Archived from the original on September 6, 2020. Retrieved September 6, 2020 – via Twitter.
  • ^ Metcalf, Mitch (September 9, 2020). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.6.2020". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
  • ^ Metcalf, Mitch (September 15, 2020). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.13.2020". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  • ^ Metcalf, Mitch (September 22, 2020). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.20.2020". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on September 22, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  • ^ Metcalf, Mitch (September 29, 2020). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.27.2020". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  • ^ Metcalf, Mitch (October 6, 2020). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.4.2020". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
  • ^ Metcalf, Mitch (October 13, 2020). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.11.2020". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  • ^ Metcalf, Mitch (October 20, 2020). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.18.2020". Showbuzz Daily. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
  • ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (May 16, 2017). "Get Out's Jordan Peele Teams With WBTV, HBO & Bad Robot For Lovecraft Country Drama Series; Misha Green Writing". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  • ^ Otterson, Joe (May 16, 2017). "Jordan Peele to Produce HBO Series Lovecraft Country With J.J. Abrams, Misha Green". Variety. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  • ^ Sokol, Tony (May 16, 2017). "Jordan Peele to Produce Lovecraft Country for HBO". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  • ^ Sandberg, Bryn Elise (May 16, 2017). "Jordan Peele Teams With Bad Robot for HBO Drama Series". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  • ^ Andreeva, Nellie (March 5, 2018). "Lovecraft Country: Yann Demange To Direct HBO Series From Jordan Peele & J.J. Abrams". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  • ^ Kit, Borys (March 5, 2018). "Yann Demange Joins Jordan Peele, J.J. Abrams for HBO's Lovecraft Country". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  • ^ Boucher, Ashley (March 5, 2018). "Jordan Peele, JJ Abrams' HBO Series Adds Yann Demage". TheWrap. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  • ^ Andreeva, Nellie (April 26, 2018). "Lovecraft Country: Jurnee Smollett-Bell To Star In HBO Series From Jordan Peele, J.J. Abrams & Misha Green". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  • ^ Andreeva, Nellie (May 2, 2018). "Lovecraft Country: Jonathan Majors To Star In HBO Series From Misha Green, Jordan Peele & J.J. Abrams". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  • ^ Petski, Denise (May 3, 2018). "Lovecraft: Wunmi Mosaku Cast In HBO Series From Misha Green, Jordan Peele & J.J. Abrams". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  • ^ Andreeva, Nellie (June 19, 2018). "Lovecraft Country: Courtney B. Vance, Aunjanue Ellis & Elizabeth Debicki Join HBO Drama Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  • ^ Petski, Denise (October 10, 2018). "Lovecraft Country: Michael Kenneth Williams Cast In HBO Series From Misha Green, Jordan Peele & J.J. Abrams". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  • ^ Andreeva, Nellie (June 14, 2019). "Lovecraft Country: Abbey Lee Joins In Recasting, Daniel Sackheim Set As EP/Director, Jamie Chung & Jordan Patrick Smith To Recur On HBO Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  • ^ Petski, Denise (June 20, 2019). "Lovecraft Country: Jamie Neumann, Erica Tazel & Mac Brandt To Recur On HBO Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  • ^ Petski, Denis (July 10, 2019). "Lovecraft Country: Tony Goldwyn Joins Cast Of HBO Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  • ^ "Monday, July 16 Filming Locations for You're The Worst, Once Upon A Time In Hollywood, The Chi, John Wick 3, & more! – On Location Vacations". On Location Vacations. July 15, 2018. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  • ^ Patton, Daniel (July 9, 2018). "Cinespace adds new Chicago facility". Reel Chicago. Archived from the original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  • ^ Bachman, Tyler (June 28, 2018). "Elburn Will Be Filming Site for New HBO Series Next Month". WSPY News. Archived from the original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  • ^ "HBO gives sneak peak at Lovecraft Country series, filmed in Mount Morris". WTVO. November 11, 2019. Archived from the original on July 22, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  • ^ Plaskowsky, Andrew (May 1, 2020). "HBO releases Lovecraft Country trailer with shots of downtown Macon". WMAZ. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  • ^ Monaghan, Jeremiah (September 6, 2021). "'What If... ?' Composer Laura Karpman on Uniting the MCU's Music – Exclusive Interview". Discussing Film. Archived from the original on September 7, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  • ^ White, Peter (February 10, 2021). "HBO Hopeful Of Season 2 Of Lovecraft Country As Misha Green & Writers Plan New Journey". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  • ^ Andreeva, Nellie (July 2, 2021). "'Lovecraft Country' Not Returning For Season 2 On HBO". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 2, 2021. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
  • ^ Hibberd, James (November 17, 2021). "James Andrew Miller on the Big Revelations in HBO Book Tinderbox". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  • ^ Iannucci, Rebecca (May 1, 2020). "HBO's Trip to Lovecraft Country Takes a Horrifying Turn in First Trailer — Watch". TVLine. Archived from the original on July 11, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  • ^ Seddon, Dan (May 2, 2020). "Star Wars' JJ Abrams unveils trailer for spooky new series Lovecraft Country". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
  • ^ Lovell, Kevin (November 5, 2020). "'Lovecraft Country: The Complete First Season'; Arrives On Blu-ray & DVD February 16, 2021 From HBO – Warner Bros". Screen-Connections. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
  • ^ "Lovecraft Country: Season 1 (2020)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
  • ^ "Lovecraft Country: Season 1". Metacritic. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
  • ^ Miller, Shannon (August 7, 2020). "Lovecraft Country is a stunning, horrific look at a grotesque legacy". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  • ^ Tallerico, Brian (August 12, 2020). "HBO's Lovecraft Country is Wicked Smart Television". RogerEbert.com. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  • ^ Rifkind, Hugo (August 21, 2020). "Lovecraft Country review: this is like nothing else — brutal and righteously furious". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  • ^ Phillips, Michael (August 7, 2020). "Lovecraft Country review: the wild side of Green Book, pulled from the guts of American racism". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  • ^ Hale, Mike (August 13, 2020). "Lovecraft Country Review: Nightmare on Jim Crow Street". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
  • ^ Dent, Alec (August 29, 2020). "The Horror of Racism". The Dispatch. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
  • ^ D'Addario, Daniel (August 7, 2020). "Lovecraft Country Uses Horror Traditions to Tell a Story of American Racism: TV Review". Variety. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  • ^ Hipes, Patrick (January 25, 2021). "AFI Awards' TV Series Of The Year Include Bridgerton, Lovecraft Country, The Mandalorian, Ted Lasso". Deadline. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
  • ^ Tangcay, Jazz (February 25, 2021). "Art Directors Guild Awards 2021: Full List of Nominations". Variety. Archived from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  • ^ Clark, Anne Victoria (June 27, 2021). "Here Are Your 2021 BET Awards Winners". Vulture.com. Archived from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
  • ^ Liptak, Andrew (February 22, 2021). "Here Are the 2020 Bram Stoker Award Nominees". Tor.com. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  • ^ "BAFTA TV 2021: Nominations for the Virgin Media British Academy Television Awards and British Academy Television Craft Awards". BAFTA. April 28, 2021. Archived from the original on June 5, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  • ^ Pederson, Erik (March 2, 2021). "CAS Awards Nominations: 'Trial Of The Chicago 7', 'Sound Of Metal' & 'Mank' Among Pics Vying For Sound Mixing Trophies". Deadline. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  • ^ Pedersen, Erik (March 4, 2021). "Costume Designers Guild Awards Nominations". Deadline. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  • ^ Turchiano, Danielle (January 10, 2021). "The Boys, Soul, Palm Springs Top Inaugural Critics Choice Super Awards Winners List". Variety. Archived from the original on January 12, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  • ^ Kit, Borys (November 19, 2020). "Palm Springs, Lovecraft Country Lead Nominations for Inaugural Critics Choice Super Awards". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  • ^ Schneider, Michael (January 18, 2021). "Ozark, The Crown and Netflix Lead 26th Annual Critics' Choice Awards TV Nominations". Variety. Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  • ^ Oganesyan, Natalie; Moreau, Jordan (February 3, 2021). "Golden Globes 2021: The Complete Nominations List". Variety. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  • ^ Pedersen, Erik (July 8, 2021). "HCA TV Awards Nominations: 'Ted Lasso' Leads Programs For Inaugural Honors; NBC, HBO & Netflix Lead Nets". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
  • ^ Schneider, Michael (August 30, 2021). "'Ted Lasso,' 'The Crown,' 'The Mandalorian,' 'Cruel Summer,' 'New Amsterdam' Among HCA TV Awards Winners". Variety. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
  • ^ Willman, Chris (January 15, 2021). "Hollywood Music in Media Awards Announces 2021 Nominees; Kenny Loggins Set for Lifetime Honor (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  • ^ Giardina, Carolyn (February 18, 2021). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' Leads Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild Awards Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on February 23, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  • ^ "Your 2021 MTV Movie & TV Awards Nominations Are Here: See the Full List". MTV. April 20, 2021. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  • ^ "52nd NAACP Image Awards: The Nominees". NAACP Image Awards. February 2, 2021. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
  • ^ Hipes, Patrick (July 13, 2021). "Emmy Nominations: 'The Crown', 'The Mandalorian' Top List; HBO/HBO Max Edges Netflix For Top Spot – Full List Of Nominees". Deadline. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  • ^ "46th Saturn Awards Nominations". The Academy of Science Fiction Fantasy and Horror Films. Archived from the original on June 26, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  • ^ "Nominations Announced for the 27th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild Awards. Screen Actors Guild. February 4, 2021. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  • ^ Turchiano, Danielle (July 15, 2021). "'Ted Lasso' Scores the Most 2021 TCA Awards Nominations". Variety. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  • ^ Pederson, Erik (March 2, 2021). "VES Awards Nominations: Tenet, Midnight Sky, Extraction, Soul & Mandalorian Among Titles In Visual Effects Hunt". Deadline. Archived from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  • ^ Hipes, Patrick (April 6, 2021). "VES Awards: 'The Midnight Sky', Pixar's 'Soul', 'The Mandalorian' Take Marquee Honors – Full List Of Winners". Deadline. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  • ^ Benardello, Karen (December 13, 2021). "Women Film Critics Circle Honors Passing and The Power of the Dog Amongst 2021's Best Movies". Shockya.com. Archived from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  • ^ Schneider, Michael (February 3, 2021). "Writers Guild Unveils 2021 TV Award Nominees". Variety. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  • External links[edit]


    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lovecraft_Country_(TV_series)&oldid=1231353456"

    Categories: 
    2020 American television series debuts
    2020 American television series endings
    2020s American black television series
    2020s American drama television series
    2020s American horror television series
    2020s American LGBT-related drama television series
    2020s American supernatural television series
    Adaptations of works by H. P. Lovecraft
    American horror fiction television series
    American English-language television shows
    HBO original programming
    Horror drama television series
    Television shows about racism
    Fiction about secret societies
    Television series about monsters
    Television series about parallel universes
    Television series by Bad Robot Productions
    Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios
    Television series set in 1955
    Television series set in the 1920s
    Television series set in the 1950s
    Television shows based on American novels
    Television shows filmed in Atlanta
    Television shows filmed in Illinois
    Television shows set in Chicago
    Television shows set in Massachusetts
    Works about the Tulsa race massacre
    Hidden categories: 
    Articles with short description
    Short description is different from Wikidata
    Use American English from August 2022
    All Wikipedia articles written in American English
    Use mdy dates from August 2022
     



    This page was last edited on 27 June 2024, at 21:11 (UTC).

    Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.



    Privacy policy

    About Wikipedia

    Disclaimers

    Contact Wikipedia

    Code of Conduct

    Developers

    Statistics

    Cookie statement

    Mobile view



    Wikimedia Foundation
    Powered by MediaWiki