Integral optical sights
Night vision device on a Picatinny rail
The MATADOR (man-portable, anti-tank, anti-door[2]) is a 90-millimetre (3.5 in) man-portable, disposable anti-armour and anti-brickwall weapon system developed by Germany, Israel and Singapore. It is an updated version of the German Armbrust design, and operates on the same principles. The development of this weapon began in 2000 and the MATADOR will eventually replace the German Armbrust Light Anti-tank Weapon, which has been in service since the 1980s.[3]
The MATADOR is among the lightest in its class. The warhead is effective against both vehicle armour and brick walls. The weapon has little back-blast, making it safe for operation in confined spaces.[3]
The MATADOR is supposed to be capable of defeating the armour of most known armoured personnel carriers and light tanks in the world. The dual-capability warhead, when acting in the delay mode, creates an opening greater than 450 mm (18 in) in diameter in a double brick wall, and acts as an anti-personnel weapon against those behind the wall, offering an unconventional means of entry when fighting in built-up areas.[3]
The MATADOR's projectile is claimed to be insensitive to wind due to its propulsion system, which results in a highly accurate weapon system.[3]
The warhead can be used in both high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) and high explosive squash head (HESH) modes against armour, walls, or other fortifications respectively.[3] Modes are selected by adjusting a probe (most likely a fuse extender): extending it for HEAT mode and leaving it retracted for HESH mode.
Comparing the Armbrust (top) and MATADOR (bottom).
Similar to the Armbrust, the counter-mass counteracts the recoil of the weapon upon firing. The counter-mass consists of shredded plastic, which is launched out of the rear of the weapon when it is fired. This plastic is rapidly slowed by air resistance, allowing the weapon to be fired safely within an enclosed space. In addition, the positioning of the counter-mass takes into consideration the centre of gravity of the weapon to ensure good balance for better accuracy.[6]
Variants of the original HEAT/HESH (HH) weapon have been developed by Rafael and Dynamit Nobel Defence, designed primarily for anti-structure use by soldiers operating in dense urban environments.
MATADOR-MP
Multi-purpose weapon with a warhead effective against a wide variety of ground targets, from light armoured vehicles to fortified positions and urban walls. As with the initial MATADOR, this is achieved with a dual-mode fuse, which has been improved on the MATADOR-MP such that it now automatically discriminates between hard and soft targets rather than requiring the operator to manually make the selection. A dedicated targeting device, mounted on its Picatinny rail, incorporates a reflex sight and laser rangefinder to provide a high hit probability.[4]
MATADOR-WB
Specialised wall-breaching weapon, featuring an explosively-formed ring (EFR) warhead that breaches a man-sized hole, between 75 cm (30 in) to 100 cm (39 in) across, in typical urban walls.[7]
MATADOR-AS
Anti-structure weapon with an advanced tandem warhead that can also be set between two modes. The anti-emplacement mode uses an enhanced blast effect to defeat structures and fortifications, while the penetrating/mouse-holing mode defeats light armoured vehicles and creates mouseholes in urban walls.[5] MATADOR-AS has been ordered by the British Army, and was slated for service entry in 2009.[8]
RGW
RGW 90 is a German designation for the MATADOR, with "RGW" standing for "recoilless grenade weapon". RGW 60 is a variant that is smaller and fires a 60 mm warhead, instead of the usual 90 mm.[2]
The MATADOR saw its first combat deployment in January 2009, by Israel Defence Forces soldiers during Operation Cast Lead in the Gaza Strip. MATADOR-AS was used to breach walls in structures, allowing IDF troops to pass through and attack opponents inside.[9]
According to reports from Ukraine, the RGW-90 is capable of penetrating lightly armoured APCs and IFVs, but not guaranteed to easily defeat tank reactive armour. “This summer, the soldiers of the 93rd Brigade fired RGW90 into the forehead of a Russian tank with reactive armor. The tank was not destroyed, but it was stopped, and soldiers who were on the top of the tank got minced,” the military stated.[11]
The MATADOR is seeing extensive usage in the Israel–Hamas war with numerous filmed clips of it being fired according to its Israeli main designation as a means to burst concrete obstacles.[12] During the initial Hamas offensive several MATADORs were captured by militants in Israeli bases and taken back to Gaza.
Belgium: In 2013, made order for 111 RGW90 AS,[13] 509 in 2016, 390 in 2018 1450 delivered in 2020.[14] In January 2022, Belgian Ministry of Defence made a €19 million order for several batches of RGW90, which were to be delivered before the year ends,[15][16] 4002 were reported to be exported at the end of 2022.[17]
Croatia: On 18 January 2023, documents were released that the army plans on ordering an unknown number of RGW90s worth €3 million[18]
Germany: The German Army has ordered 1,000 MATADOR-AS under the name RGW90 AS with scalable anti-structure munition.[19] The German Army also uses the LRMP version (range: 1,200 meters) under the designation "Wirkmittel 90". In late 2020, the German Army ordered 3,000 cartridges in different munition types for the Wirkmittel 90.[20] Germany also ordered the 1,087 RGW60 for its Special Forces in 2020 (689 RGW 60 HEAT known as DM 52 and 398 RGW 60 HESH known as DM 62).[21]
The Armed Forces of Ukraine bought 5,100 units with the first batch of 2,650 units received on 26 March 2022, and 2,450 remaining units were to be delivered in smaller batches by the end of May 2022 to support its fight against Russia in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[30]
13,000 RGW 90 were donated by Germany as of July 2024.[31]
Over 2,600 Anti-Structure Munitions (ASM), donated by the United Kingdom since February 2022. [32]
Belgium: In 2013, made order for 111 RGW90 AS,[13] 509 in 2016, 390 in 2018 1450 delivered in 2020.[14] In January 2022, Belgian Ministry of Defence made a €19 million order for several batches of RGW90, which were to be delivered before the year ends,[15][16] 4002 were reported to be exported at the end of 2022.[17]
Croatia: On 18 January 2023, documents were released that the army plans on ordering an unknown number of RGW90s worth €3 million[18]
Germany: The German Army has ordered 1,000 MATADOR-AS under the name RGW90 AS with scalable anti-structure munition.[19] The German Army also uses the LRMP version (range: 1,200 meters) under the designation "Wirkmittel 90". In late 2020, the German Army ordered 3,000 cartridges in different munition types for the Wirkmittel 90.[20] Germany also ordered the 1,087 RGW60 for its Special Forces in 2020 (689 RGW 60 HEAT known as DM 52 and 398 RGW 60 HESH known as DM 62).[21]
Israel: Israel Defense Forces[22] and the Israeli Police's YAMAM national counter-terror unit.[23]
Kosovo:Kosovo Security Force Minister of Defense bought up to 1000 RGW 90 in year 2023 delivery is about to begin 2024/25[24]
Mexico: RGW60 variant, first seen in September 2018, 3,000 units approx.[25]
Saudi Arabia: under the name RGW90[citation needed]
Singapore: Replaced the Armbrust in the Singapore Armed Forces.[26] 4,780 delivered in 2020.[14]
Slovenia: Slovenian Ground Force, locally designated as RGW 90.[27]
Switzerland:[28] 8,000 delivered in 2018.[29]
Ukraine:
United Kingdom: British Army ordered the Anti-Structures Munition (ASM) version of the MATADOR from Dynamit Nobel Defence.[33]
Vietnam: Used by the Vietnam People's Navy's Infantry.[34]
