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Malawimonad

Malawimonads
Light microscopy image of the malawimonad Gefionella okellyi
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Malawimonada Tedersoo 2017
Phylum:	Malawimonada Cavalier-Smith 2021[1]
Class:	Malawimonadea Cavalier-Smith 2013
Order:	Malawimonadida Cavalier-Smith 2003
Families
Imasidae Malawimonadidae
Synonyms
Neolouka Cavalier-Smith 2013

Malawimonads (order Malawimonadida) are a small group of microorganisms with a basal position in the evolutionary tree of eukaryotes, containing only three recognized species.^[2] They're considered part of a paraphyletic group known as "Excavata".^[3][4]

It is clear that the malawimonads are a monophyletic clade at the baseofEukaryota, but there is no consensus on the specific relationships between other basal groups, such as Discoba, Metamonada, Ancyromonadida and Podiata. The sister group to Malawimonadida varies greatly between analyses.^[2] Some phylogenetic analyses find Malawimonadida as the sister grouptoPodiata.^[5] Other analyses recover Malawimonadida as the sister group of DiscobaorMetamonada. Very few modern analyses recover the three clades, Malawimonadida, Discoba and Metamonada, forming an unexpected monophyletic Excavata.^[2]

The malawimonads were first described as order Malawimonadida in 2003 by Thomas Cavalier-Smith. In 2013 they were also described as a class (Malawimonadea) and were placed as the only member of the subphylum Neolouka as part of the phylum "Loukozoa", a polyphyletic group uniting Metamonada, Jakobea, Tsukubea and the malawimonads.^[6] Later, the Loukozoa broke apart and Neolouka was raised to the rank of phylum. Finally, this phylum containing only malawimonads was renamed in 2021 to Malawimonada by the same author, and was placed in a separate kingdom by the same name.^[1]

Initially, Malawimonadida was a monotypic order, containing only the family Malawimonadidae and the genus Malawimonas. In 2018, the genus Gefionella was first described and added to this family. In 2020, a new genus Imasa and a new family Imasidae were added to the group. Presently, Malawimonadida contains 2 families, 3 genera and 3 accepted species.^[2]

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