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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
"Sapota" redirects here. This can also specifically refer to sapodilla
Manilkara zapota .
Manilkara genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae . They are widespread in tropical and semitropical locations, in Africa , Madagascar , Asia , Australia , and Latin America , as well as various islands in the Pacific and in the Caribbean .[4] Pouteria
Trees of this genus yield edible fruit , useful wood , and latex . The best-known species are M. bidentata balatá ), M. chicle M. zapota M. hexandra floral emblem of Prachuap Khiri Khan Province in Thailand , where it is known as rayan M. obovata African pear with another completely different species, Dacryodes edulis Baillonella toxisperma
Manilkara trees are often significant, or even dominant species in their native ecosystems , such as East Deccan dry evergreen forests , Central American premontane tropical wet forests , or together with Cynometra Arabuko Sokoke National Park . Manilkara fruit are an important food item for various frugivores , in particular birds . The red fruit bat (Stenoderma rufum ) is the primary – and possibly the only – seed disperser of M. bidentata in parts of the Caribbean . Tuckerella xiamenensis peacock mite , was described from a sapodilla tree.
Taxonomy [ edit ]
The generic name, Manilkara , is derived from the Malayalam word manil-kara , a vernacular name for M. kauki Manil from Manilha , the Portuguese name of Manila in the Philippines, and kara meaning "fruit".[5] : 36
Species [ edit ]
Species accepted by Plants of the World Online as of December 2022:[6]
Manilkara bequaertii (De Wild.) H.J.Lam
Manilkara bidentata (A.DC.) A.Chev.
Manilkara boivinii Aubrév.
Manilkara bolivarensis T.D.Penn.
Manilkara butugi Chiov.
Manilkara capuronii Aubrév.
Manilkara casteelsii (De Wild.) H.J.Lam
Manilkara cavalcantei Pires & Rodr. ex T.D.Penn.
Manilkara celebica H.J.Lam
Manilkara chicle (Pittier) Gilly
Manilkara concolor (Harv.) Gerstner
Manilkara dardanoi Ducke
Manilkara dawei (Stapf) Chiov.
Manilkara decrescens T.D.Penn.
Manilkara discolor (Sond.) J.H.Hemsl.
Manilkara dissecta (L.f.) Dubard
Manilkara doeringii (Engl. & K.Krause) H.J.Lam
Manilkara dukensis (Engl. & K.Krause) H.J.Lam
Manilkara elata (Allemão ex Miq.) Monach.
Manilkara excelsa (Ducke) Standl.
Manilkara excisa (Urb.) H.J.Lam
Manilkara fasciculata (Warb.) H.J.Lam & Maas Geest.
Manilkara fischeri (Engl.) H.J.Lam
Manilkara fouilloyana Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Manilkara frondosa (Hiern) H.J.Lam
Manilkara gonavensis (Urb. & Ekman) Gilly ex Cronquist
Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard
Manilkara hoshinoi (Kaneh.) P.Royen
Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Standl.
Manilkara ilendensis (Engl.) H.J.Lam
Manilkara inundata (Ducke) Ducke
Manilkara jaimiqui (C.Wright ex Griseb.) Dubard
Manilkara kanosiensis H.J.Lam & B.Meeuse
Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard
Manilkara koechlinii Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Manilkara kribensis (Engl.) H.J.Lam
Manilkara kurziana H.J.Lam & B.Meeuse
Manilkara letestui Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Manilkara letouzeyi Aubrév.
Manilkara littoralis (Kurz) Dubard
Manilkara longifolia (A.DC.) Dubard
Manilkara longistyla (De Wild.) C.M.Evrard
Manilkara lososiana Kenfack & Ewango
Manilkara mabokeensis Aubrév.
Manilkara maxima T.D.Penn.
Manilkara mayarensis (Ekman ex Urb.) Cronquist
Manilkara microphylla Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Manilkara mochisia (Baker) Dubard
Manilkara multifida T.D.Penn.
Manilkara nicholsonii A.E.van Wyk
Manilkara obovata (Sabine & G.Don) J.H.Hemsl.
Manilkara paraensis (Huber) Standl.
Manilkara pellegriniana Tisser. & Sillans
Manilkara perrieri Aubrév.
Manilkara pleeana (Pierre ex Baill.) Cronquist
Manilkara pobeguinii Pierre ex Dubard
Manilkara pubicarpa Monach.
Manilkara roxburghiana (Wight) Dubard
Manilkara rufula (Miq.) H.J.Lam
Manilkara sahafarensis Aubrév.
Manilkara salzmannii (A.DC.) H.J.Lam
Manilkara samoensis H.J.Lam & B.Meeuse
Manilkara sansibarensis (Engl.) Dubard
Manilkara seretii (De Wild.) H.J.Lam
Manilkara sideroxylon (Griseb.) Dubard
Manilkara smithiana H.J.Lam & Maas Geest.
Manilkara spectabilis (Pittier) Standl.
Manilkara staminodella Gilly
Manilkara suarezensis Aubrév.
Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard
Manilkara sulcata (Engl.) Dubard
Manilkara sylvestris Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Manilkara triflora (Allemão) Monach.
Manilkara udoido Kaneh.
Manilkara valenzuelana (A.Rich.) T.D.Penn.
Manilkara vitiensis (H.J.Lam & Olden) B.Meeuse
Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen
Manilkara zenkeri Lecomte ex Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Several species are endangered due to overexploitation and habitat destruction . M. gonavensis of Haiti and M. spectabilis of Costa Rica are almost extinct .
Manilkara zapota plant and fruit in Tamil Nadu , India
References [ edit ]
^ a b Fam. Pl. (Adanson) 2: 166, 574. 1763 [Jul-Aug 1763] "Plant Name Details for Genus Manilkara " . IPNI . Retrieved December 23, 2009 . Nomenclatural Notes: nom. cons. Type Name: M. kauki (Linnaeus) Dubard (Mimusops kauki Linnaeus) (typ. cons.) ; basionym of: Sapotaceae Mimusops subgen. Manilkara (Adans.) Pierre & Urb., Symb. Antill. (Urban). 5: 162. 1904
^ GRIN (March 31, 2009). "Achras information from NPGS/GRIN" . Taxonomy for Plants . National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland : USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2009 . Comment: a rejected (nom. rej.), heterotypic synonym (Vienna ICBN Art. 14.4 & App. III) of Manilkara Adans., nom. cons.
^ Gard. Dict. Abr. , ed. 4. [unpaged]. 1754 [28 Jan 1754] "Plant Name Details for Genus Sapota " . IPNI . Retrieved December 23, 2009 . Nomenclatural Notes: nom. illeg. nom. superfl. Achras Linnaeus (1753).
^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ Armstrong, K. E. (February 2013). "A Revision of the Asian-Pacific species of Manilkara (Sapotaceae)" . Edinburgh Journal of Botany . 70 1 ): 7–56. doi :10.1017/S0960428612000327
^ "Manilkara Adans" . Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022 .
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manilkara&oldid=1223604426 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● M a n i l k a r a ● S a p o t a c e a e g e n e r a H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h ' s p e c i e s ' m i c r o f o r m a t s ● C o m m o n s c a t e g o r y l i n k f r o m W i k i d a t a ● T a x o n b a r s w i t h 2 0 – 2 4 t a x o n I D s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J 9 U i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 3 M a y 2 0 2 4 , a t 0 6 : 2 9 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
