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Marcel Aurousseau MC C. de G. (19 April 1891 in Woollahra , Sydney – 22 August 1983 in Sydney) was an Australian geographer , geologist , war hero, historian and translator.[1] [2]
Aurousseau, who was of French and Irish descent, attended Sydney Boys High School alongside three students who were also later prominent in various fields: Arthur Wheen (an historian and translator), Raymond Kershaw (an economist), and Arthur McLaughlin (a medical practitioner).[3]
He began his scientific career as an "office boy" at the Australian Museum in Sydney.[1] While completing the Bachelor of Science course at the University of Sydney , Aurousseau won the University Medal in Geology .
In 1913, he was appointed to the position of assistant lecturer at the newly formed geology department of the University of Western Australia (UWA), in Perth .
Army service
[ edit ]
Lt. Marcel Aurousseau, Inf . For conspicuous gallantry in action. He took command when his company commander was killed, and inspired all ranks by his fine example. During a night attack, he led his company forward with great dash till he was severely wounded.
London Gazette , 14 November 1916.[4]
Following the outbreak of World War I , Aurousseau obtained leave from UWA, to join the Australian Imperial Force . He was assigned initially to the 28th Battalion (1915), before joining the 51st Battalion on the Western Front .[5]
Aurousseau first saw action in France at the battles of Fleurbaix (Fromelles), the Pozières and the Mouquet Farm (14–15 August 1916), which resulted in his being wounded severely.[5] He was subsequently awarded the Military Cross .
Promoted to captain , Aurousseau also served at the Battle of Messines , the Third Battle of Ypres (Polygon Wood), the First Battle of Dernancourt (part of the Battle of Villers-Bretonneux), and was wounded again at Hourges , during the Battle of Amiens , in August 1918.[5]
For his war service, Aurousseau was also awarded the French Croix de Guerre (1919).[5]
Scientific and literary career
[ edit ]
Returning to Perth after the war, Aurousseau again taught geology at UWA.[2]
He subsequently moved to the United States, to work at the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution , in Washington DC .[2]
During 1923–24, Aurousseau worked for the American Geographical Society in New York.
After returning briefly to Australia, Aurousseau moved to London to pursue a literary career.
Between 1936 and 1955 he worked as executive secretary of the British Government Permanent Committee on Geographical Names . During World War II, Aurousseau contributed to military geographical dictionaries used by Allied forces . In 1956 he declined the award of an MBE .
In his most influential work, The Rendering of Geographical Names (1957), Aurousseau coined the term exonym :[6] a place name that is the common name only in countries or regions outside the place in question, usually for historical reasons. Usage of "exonym" has grown to include non-geographical proper names for things such as languages, cultures or populations. Some significant examples of exonyms therefore include: the English language "China " for Zhōngguó ; the Spanish word estadounidenses (lit. "unitedstatesians") for "Americans ", and; the English "German " for Deutsch .
In 1969, the Royal Geographical Society presented Aurousseau with the Victoria Medal , an annual award "for conspicuous merit in research in geography". He was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1972.[7]
Authored works
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Aurousseau's published works include:
Travel books
Highway Into Spain , London, Peter Davies (1930), 1st ed., 686 pages.
Highway Into Spain , London, Peter Davies (1931), 2nd ed., 294 pages.
Beyond the Pyrenees , London, Peter Davies (1931), orig. publ. 1930 as part of Highway Into Spain .
Geography/history
The Rendering of Geographical Names , London, Hutchinson (1957).
The Letters of F. W. Ludwig Leichhardt (transl. & ed.), London, Hakluyt Society/Cambridge University Press (1968).
Sound recording
[ edit ]
^ John Ramsland, 2015, The Other Side of No Man’s Land: Arthur Wheen World War I Hero , Melbourne, Brolga Publishing, p. 310.
^ Supplement to the London Gazette , 14 November 1916, p. 11073.
^ a b c d University of Sydney, 2015, Marcel Aurousseau: Book of Remembrance Entry (4 September 2015).
^ Marcel Aurousseau, 1957, The Rendering of Geographical Names , London, Hutchinson, pp. 2–3, and; Kelsey B. Harder, 1996, "The term", in: Ernst Eichler & Walter de Gruyter (eds), Namenforschung/Name Studies/Les noms propres. 2. Halbband+Registerband , Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, p. 1012.
^ Spate, O. H. K. "MARCEL AUROUSSEAU" (PDF) . Australian Academy of the Humanities . Retrieved 22 April 2024 .
External links
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International
National
People
Other
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Aurousseau&oldid=1222199088 "
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a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n .
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