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Margaret of Bohemia, Duchess of Bavaria

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Margaret of Bohemia (German: Margarete von Böhmen; 1313–11 July 1341), also Margaret of Luxembourg (Czech: Markéta Lucemburská), was the daughter of John of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia by his first wife, Elizabeth of Bohemia.

Margaret's maternal grandparents were Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and his first wife, Judith of Habsburg. Her paternal grandparents were, Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor and his wife Margaret of Brabant. Her younger brother was crowned Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor in 1349, and her other siblings included Bonne, wife of John II of France; John Henry, Margrave of Moravia; and Anna, wife of Otto, Duke of Austria.

When Margaret was about seventeen, her mother died. Her father decided to remarry, he married Beatrice of Bourbon. They had a son, Wencesluas, who succeeded his father in Luxembourg.

She married Henry XIV, Duke of BavariainStraubing on 12 August 1328. Her children with Henry XIV of Bavaria were:

• John I, Duke of Bavaria (1329–1340)
• Henry of Wittelsbach (born 1330, died young).

Henry XIV had conflicts with his co-regnants of Bavaria – his brother, Otto IV (died 1334), and his cousin, Henry XV – regarding the partitioning of the Bavarian lands. worsened the relationship between the emperor and Henry XIV, who allied with Margaret's father, John.

Some months after the reconciliation with Louis IV, in February 1339, Henry died from leprosy. He was succeeded by his ten year old son, John I. With the death of Duke John I in 1340 Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor inherited Lower Bavaria and then reunited the duchy of Bavaria. Margaret of Bohemia, as a member of the Luxemburg dynasty, then had to return to Bohemia.