A Mars 1M spacecraft
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| Names | Marsnik-1, Korabl-4, Mars 1960A |
|---|---|
| Mission type | Mars flyby |
| Mission duration | Failed to orbit |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft type | Mars 1M |
| Manufacturer | OKB-1 |
| Launch mass | 650 kilograms (1,430 lb) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 10 October 1960, 14:27:49 (1960-10-10UTC14:27:49Z) UTC |
| Rocket | Molniya 8K78/L1-4M Modified SS-6 |
| Launch site | Baikonur 1/5 |
| Instruments | |
| 1) Ultraviolet Spectrograph
2) Radiation Detector 3) Cosmic-Ray Detector 4) Television Imaging System (Removed) 5) Spectroreflectometer (Removed) | |
Mars 1M No.1, designated Mars 1960A by NASA analysts and dubbed Marsnik 1 by the Western media, was the first spacecraft launched as part of the Soviet Union's Mars programme.[1]AMars 1M spacecraft, it was intended for conducting flight testing system and to study the interplanetary environment between Earth and Mars, however it was lost in a launch failure before it could begin its mission.[2][3]
Mars 1M No.1 was the payload of the Molniya 8K78 rocket's maiden flight. The rocket, which had serial number L1-4M, was a new derivative of the R-7 series, with a Blok-I third stage replacing the Blok-E used on the Vostok, and a new Blok-L fourth stage. The vehicle lifted off from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 14:27:49 UTC on 10 October 1960.[4][5]
Television Imaging System and Spectroreflectometer were removed due to mass constraints.
It was determined that during the course of the second stage of flight, resonant vibration in the third stage of the rocket caused the malfunction of a gyroscope and it damaged the attitude control system of the carrier rocket. Following this issue, the horizon sensor disconnected from the booster and the rocket descended from its normal flight path angle. As a consequence the rocket's third stage was commanded to stop ignition after five minutes of flight. During this stage the spacecraft flew to an altitude of 120 kilometres (75 mi) before re-entry. Thereafter, the spacecraft re-entered and disintegrated in LEO and its debris fell over Siberia 4,800 kilometres (3,000 mi) down range. It failed to achieve low Earth orbit.[7][8]
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in underline. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets). |
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign † indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned. | |||||||||||
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