J u m p t o c o n t e n t
M a i n m e n u
M a i n m e n u
N a v i g a t i o n
● M a i n p a g e ● C o n t e n t s ● C u r r e n t e v e n t s ● R a n d o m a r t i c l e ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● C o n t a c t u s ● D o n a t e
C o n t r i b u t e
● H e l p ● L e a r n t o e d i t ● C o m m u n i t y p o r t a l ● R e c e n t c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e
S e a r c h
Search
A p p e a r a n c e
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P e r s o n a l t o o l s
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P a g e s f o r l o g g e d o u t e d i t o r s l e a r n m o r e ● C o n t r i b u t i o n s ● T a l k
( T o p )
1 E t y m o l o g y
2 D e s c r i p t i o n
3 C o m m o n n a m e s
4 G e o g r a p h i c r a n g e
5 C o n s e r v a t i o n s t a t u s
6 T a x o n o m y
7 N o t e s
8 R e f e r e n c e s
9 F u r t h e r r e a d i n g
10 E x t e r n a l l i n k s
T o g g l e t h e t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s
V i p e r a u r s i n i i
3 3 l a n g u a g e s
● Б ъ л г а р с к и ● B o s a n s k i ● C e b u a n o ● Č e š t i n a ● D e u t s c h ● D i n é b i z a a d ● Ε λ λ η ν ι κ ά ● E s p a ñ o l ● E u s k a r a ● ف ا ر س ی ● F r a n ç a i s ● I t a l i a n o ● ქ ა რ თ უ ლ ი ● К ы р г ы з ч а ● M a g y a r ● М а к е д о н с к и ● م ص ر ى ● N e d e r l a n d s ● 日 本 語 ● پ ن ج ا ب ی ● P o l s k i ● R o m â n ă ● Р у с с к и й ● S l o v e n č i n a ● S l o v e n š č i n a ● С р п с к и / s r p s k i ● S u o m i ● S v e n s k a ● Т а т а р ч а / t a t a r ç a ● T ü r k ç e ● У к р а ї н с ь к а ● T i ế n g V i ệ t ● 中 文
E d i t l i n k s
● A r t i c l e ● T a l k
E n g l i s h
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
T o o l s
T o o l s
A c t i o n s
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
G e n e r a l
● W h a t l i n k s h e r e ● R e l a t e d c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e ● S p e c i a l p a g e s ● P e r m a n e n t l i n k ● P a g e i n f o r m a t i o n ● C i t e t h i s p a g e ● G e t s h o r t e n e d U R L ● D o w n l o a d Q R c o d e ● W i k i d a t a i t e m
P r i n t / e x p o r t
● D o w n l o a d a s P D F ● P r i n t a b l e v e r s i o n
I n o t h e r p r o j e c t s
● W i k i m e d i a C o m m o n s ● W i k i s p e c i e s
A p p e a r a n c e
F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m M e a d o w v i p e r )
Vipera ursinii
Conservation status
Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1 )[1]
CITES Appendix I (CITES )[2] [note 1]
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Order:
Squamata
Suborder:
Serpentes
Family:
Viperidae
Genus:
Vipera
Species:
V. ursinii
Binomial name
Vipera ursinii
(Bonaparte , 1835)
Synonyms [3]
Coluber foetidus Güldenstädt In Georgi , 1801
Pelias Ursinii Bonaparte, 1835
[P elias ]. berus ] Var. Ursinii — Cope , 1860
Pelias chersea vel Ursinii — Cope, 1860
Pelias Renardi Christoph , 1861
[Vipera berus ] var. rákosiensis Méhelÿ , 1893
Vipera ursinii — Boulenger , 1893
Vipera renardi — Boulenger, 1893
Vipera ursinii var. rakosiensis Méhely, 1894
Vipera ursinii — Boulenger, 1896
Vipera renardi — Boulenger, 1896
Vipera macrops Méhely, 1911
Vipera ursinii macrops — Bolkay , 1924
Vipera (Pelias ) ursinii forma trans. rudolphi A.F. Reuss , 1924
Acridophaga ursinii — A.F. Reuss, 1927
Vipera ursinii ursinii — L. Müller , 1927
Coluber ursinoides Nikolsky , 1927
Peilas berus var. uralensis A.F. Reuss, 1929 (nomen nudum
Acridophaga uralensis — A.F. Reuss, 1929
Vipera berus var. rakosiensis — F. Werner , 1929
A cridophaga ]. (renardi ) eriwanensis A.F. Reuss, 1933
Vipera ursinii renardi — Schwarz , 1936
Vipera ursinii macrops — Schwarz, 1936
Acridophaga ursini — F. Werner, 1938
Vipera berus var. renardi — Başoğlu , 1947
Vipera ursinii rakosiensis — Knoepffler & Sochurek, 1955
Vipera ursinii ebneri Knoepffler & Sochurek, 1955
Vipera ursinii wettsteini Knoepffler & Sochurek, 1955
Vipera orsinii Ghidini, 1958
Vipera ursinii ursinii — Kramer , 1961
Vipera ursinii rudolphi Kramer, 1961
Acridophaga eriwanensis — Kramer, 1961
Vipera ursinii anatolica Eiselt & Baran , 1970
Vipera ursinii renardi — Saint-Girons , 1978
Vipera (Vipera ) ursinii ursinii — Obst , 1983
Vipera (Vipera ) ursinii macrops — Obst, 1983
Vipera (Vipera ) ursinii rakosiensis — Obst, 1983
Vipera (Vipera ) ursinii renardi — Obst, 1983
Vipera (Vipera ) ursinii wettsteini — Obst, 1983
Vipera ursinii eriwanensis — Nilson , Andrén & Flärdh , 1988
Vipera ursinii graeca Nilson & Andrén, 1988
V ipera ]. ursinii rakoniensis — González, 1991
Vipera ursinii — Latifi , 1991
Vipera ursinii moldavica Nilson, Andrén & Joger , 1993
Common names : meadow viper, Ursini's viper,[4] [5] more ).
Vipera ursinii species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae . It is a very rare species, which is in danger of extinction . This species is commonly called the meadow viper . It is found in France , Italy , and Greece as well as much of eastern Europe .[6] [7] Kazakhstan and northwestern China .
Etymology [ edit ]
The specific name or epithet, ursinii , is in honor of Italian naturalist Antonio Orsini (1788–1870).[8] [9]
Description [ edit ]
Adults of V. ursini average 40–50 cm (15.75–19.69 inches) in total length (including tail), although specimens of 63–80 cm (24.8–31.5 inches) in total length have been reported.[4] V. aspis or V. berus [10]
Common names [ edit ]
Meadow viper, Ursini's viper,[4] [5] [11] [12]
V. u. ursinii – Italian meadow viper.[11]
V. u. macrops – karst viper,[11] [5]
V. u. rakosiensis – Danubian meadow viper.[11]
V. renardi – steppe viper,[11] [5]
V. u. moldavica – Moldavian meadow viper.
Geographic range [ edit ]
Southeastern France , eastern Austria (extinct), Hungary , central Italy , Serbia , Montenegro , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina ,[13] Republic of Kosovo , North Macedonia , Albania , Romania , northern Bulgaria , Greece , Turkey , northwestern Iran , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Georgia , Russia and across Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan and eastern Uzbekistan steppes to China (Xinjiang ).
Vipera ursinii rakosiensis is native to Hungary [14]
The type locality is " ...monti dell'Abruzzo prossimi alla provincia d'Ascoli ... " (...mountains of Abruzzo near the Province of Ascoli Piceno , Italy ...).[3]
Conservation status [ edit ]
The species Vipera ursinii is considered to be a Vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species , due to habitat destruction caused by changes in agricultural practices and climate change in mountain areas, and to collection for the pet trade.[1]
In addition, this species is listed on CITES Appendix I, which prohibits commercial international trade,[15] Berne Convention .[16]
V. ursinii is the most threatened snake in Europe. At least 12 human activities are threatening these animals:
1. Grazing
2. Mowing
3. Fire
4. Agriculture
5. Roads
6. Constructions
7. Leisure Activities
8. Afforestation
9. Cynegetic species management
10. Persecution
11. Illegal collection
12. Littering
Taxonomy [ edit ]
There is high genetic diversity within samples of Vipera ursinii and several species may be involved. At least six subspecies may be encountered in modern literature:[3]
Golay et al. (1993) recognize the first four,[3] Mallow et al. (2003) recognize five and list V. eriwanensis and V. renardi as valid species.[4] McDiarmid et al. (1999), and thus ITIS , feel that more definitive data is necessary before any subspecies can be recognized.[3]
^ Only populations of Europe, except areas that formerly constituted the USSR (populations in that area, and all other areas, are not included in the Appendices.
References [ edit ]
^ a b Joger, Ulrich , Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic , Milan Vogrin, Claudia Corti , Bogoljub Sterijovski, Alexander Westerström, László Krecsák, Valentin Pérez Mellado , Paulo Sá-Sousa , Marc Cheylan , Juan M. Pleguezuelos , Roberto Sindaco (2009). "Vipera ursinii " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009 : e.T22997A9406628. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T22997A9406628.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021 .{{cite journal }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )
^ "Appendices | CITES" . cites.org . Retrieved 2022-01-14 .
^ a b c d e McDiarmid RW , Campbell JA , Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference , Vol. 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^ a b c d Mallow D , Ludwig D , Nilson G (2003). True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers . Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. ISBN 0-89464-877-2 .
^ a b c d Brown, John Haynes (1973). Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes . Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. ISBN 0-398-02808-7 .
^ "Snakes in France" . Planete Passion .
^ Ferchaud, Anne-Laure; Ursenbacher, Sylvain ; Cheylan, Marc ; Luiselli, Luca ; Jelić, Dušan ; Halpern, Bálint; Major, Ágnes; Kotenko, Tatiana; Keyan, Najme (2012-07-27). "Phylogeography of the Vipera ursinii complex (Viperidae): mitochondrial markers reveal an east-west disjunction in the Palaearctic region". Journal of Biogeography . 39 10 ): 1836–1847. Bibcode :2012JBiog..39.1836F . doi :10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02753.x . S2CID 83492151 .
^ Bonaparte, Carlo Luciano (1835). Iconografia della fauna italica per le quattro classi degli animali vertebrati. Tomo 2. Amfibi. Rome: Salviucci. pages unnumbered. (Pelias Ursinii , new species). (in Italian).
^ Beolens, Bo ; Watkins, Michael ; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5 . (Vipera ursinii , p. 196).
^ Arnold EN , Burton JA (1978). A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe . London: Collins. ISBN 0-00-219318-3 . (Vipera ursinii , pp. 215–217 + Plate 39 + Map 121).
^ a b c d e Steward JW (1971). The Snakes of Europe . Cranbury, New Jersey: Associated University Press (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press). ISBN 0-8386-1023-4 .
^ Hellmich W (1962). Reptiles and Amphibians of Europe . London: Blandford Press. Translated from Winter C (1956). Die Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas . Heidelberg, Germany: Universitatsverlag, gegr. 1822, GmbH.
^ Jelić, Dušan; Ajtic, Rastko ; Sterijovski, Bogoljub; Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Jelka; Lelo, Suvad ; Tomović, Ljiljana (2013-01-31). "Distribution of the genus Vipera in the western and Central Balkans (Squamata, Serpentes, Viperidae)" . Herpetozoa . 25
^ Leírás . Fertő-Hanság Nemzeti Park (Fertő-Hansag National Park of Hungary)
^ Vipera ursinii Archived 2009-08-14 at the Wayback Machine at CITES and United Nations Environment Programme / World Conservation Monitoring Centre . Accessed 8 October 2006.
^ Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Appendix II at Council of Europe . Accessed 9 October 2006.
Further reading [ edit ]
Latifi M (1991). The Snakes of Iran . Oxford, Ohio: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. ISBN 0-916984-22-2 . (Vipera ursinii , p. 133.)
External links [ edit ]
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vipera_ursinii&oldid=1222429105 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● I U C N R e d L i s t v u l n e r a b l e s p e c i e s ● V i p e r a ● R e p t i l e s o f E u r o p e ● R e p t i l e s o f C e n t r a l A s i a ● R e p t i l e s o f A z e r b a i j a n ● R e p t i l e s d e s c r i b e d i n 1 8 3 5 ● T a x a n a m e d b y C h a r l e s L u c i e n B o n a p a r t e ● H a b i t a t s D i r e c t i v e s p e c i e s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● C S 1 m a i n t : m u l t i p l e n a m e s : a u t h o r s l i s t ● W e b a r c h i v e t e m p l a t e w a y b a c k l i n k s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h ' s p e c i e s ' m i c r o f o r m a t s ● C o m m o n s l i n k f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h G N D i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 5 M a y 2 0 2 4 , a t 2 2 : 1 1 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
