Contents

Ichthyosporea

Ichthyosporea Temporal range: Ediacaran–recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Sphaeroforma arctica
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Amorphea
Clade:	Obazoa
(unranked):	Opisthokonta
(unranked):	Holozoa
Class:	Ichthyosporea Cavalier-Smith, 1998[1]
Orders
Dermocystida Ichthyophonida
Synonyms
Mesomycetozoa Mendoza et al., 2002

The Ichthyosporea (orDRIP clade, or Mesomycetozoea) are a small group of OpisthokontainEukaryota (formerly protists), mostly parasites of fish and other animals.

They are not particularly distinctive morphologically, appearing in host tissues as enlarged spheres or ovals containing spores, and most were originally classified in various groups as fungi, protozoa, or colorless algae. However, they form a coherent group on molecular trees, closely related to both animals and fungi and so of interest to biologists studying their origins. In a 2008 study they emerge robustly as the sibling-group of the clade Filozoa, which includes the animals.^[2][3]

Huldtgren et al., following x-ray tomographyofmicrofossils of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation, has interpreted them as mesomycetozoan spore capsules.^[4]

The name DRIP is an acronym for the first protozoa identified as members of the group,^[5] Cavalier-Smith later treated them as the class Ichthyosporea, since they were all parasites of fish.

• order Dermocystida
  • "D": Dermocystidium. One species, Rhinosporidium seeberi, infects birds and mammals, including humans.
  • "R": the "rosette agent", now known as Sphaerothecum destruens
• order Ichthyophonida
  • "I": Ichthyophonus
  • "P": Psorospermium

Since other new members have been added (e.g. the former fungal orders Eccrinales and Amoebidiales), Mendoza et al. suggested changing the name to Mesomycetozoea, which refers to their evolutionary position. On Eukaryota tree, in Opisthokont clade, Mesomycetozoea is in the middle ("Meso-") of the fungi ("-myceto-") and the animals ("-zoea").^[6] Note the name Mesomycetozoa (without a third e) is also used to refer to this group, but Mendoza et al. use it as an alternate name for basal Opisthokonts.^[7]

• Class Ichthyosporea Cavalier-Smith 1998^[10][11]
  • Order Dermocystida Cavalier-Smith 1998
    • Family Rhinosporidiaceae Mendoza et al. 2001
  • Order Ichthyophonida Cavalier-Smith 1998
    • Suborder Sphaeroformina Cavalier-Smith 2012
      • Family Creolimacidae Cavalier-Smith 2012
      • Family Psorospermidae Cavalier-Smith 2012
      • Family Piridae Cavalier-Smith 2012
    • Suborder Trichomycina Cavalier-Smith 2012
      • Genus †Paleocadus Poinar 2016
      • Family Amoebidiidae Lichtenstein 1917 ex Kirk et al. 2001
      • Family Ichthyophonidae Cavalier-Smith 2012
      • Family Paramoebidiidae Reynolds et al. 2017
      • Family Parataeniellaceae Manier & Lichtward 1968
      • Family Eccrinaceae Leger & Duboscq 1929 [Palavasciaceae Manier & Lichtward 1968]

• "Eccrinida". Species Fungorum. 2016.