| Morbillivirus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Morbillivirus hominis electron micrograph | |
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
| Class: | Monjiviricetes |
| Order: | Mononegavirales |
| Family: | Paramyxoviridae |
| Subfamily: | Orthoparamyxovirinae |
| Genus: | Morbillivirus |
| Species | |
Morbillivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Mononegavirales, in the family Paramyxoviridae.[1][2] Humans, dogs, cats, cattle, seals, and cetaceans serve as natural hosts. This genus includes six species, with a seventh species being extinct. Diseases in humans associated with viruses classified in this genus include measles; in animals, they include acute febrile respiratory tract infection and Canine distemper.[3] In 2013, a wave of increased death among the Common bottlenose dolphin population was attributed to morbillivirus.[4]
| Genus | Species | Virus (Abbreviation) |
| Morbillivirus | Morbillivirus canis | Canine distemper virus (CDV) |
| Morbillivirus caprinae | Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) | |
| Morbillivirus ceti | Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) | |
| Morbillivirus felis | Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) | |
| Morbillivirus hominis | Measles virus (MeV) | |
| †Morbillivirus pecoris | Rinderpest virus (RPV) | |
| Morbillivirus phocae | Phocine distemper virus (PDV) |
Morbillivirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. Their diameter is around 150 nm. Genomes are linear, around 15–16 kb in length. The genome codes for eight proteins.[2][3]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morbillivirus | Spherical | Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by virus attaching to host cell. Replication follows the negative-stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative-stranded RNA virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering, through co-transcriptional RNA editing is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by budding. Humans, cattle, dogs, cats, and cetaceans serve as the natural hosts. Infection from this virus takes place in five stages: incubation, prodromal, mucosal, diarrheic, and convalescent.[6][7] Transmission routes are respiratory.[2][3][8][9][10] Morbillivirus are sensitive to high temperatures, sunlight, extreme pH levels, and any chemical that can destroy its outer envelope.[11]
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morbillivirus | Humans, dogs, cats, cetaceans | None | Glycoprotein | Budding | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Aerosols |
| Morbillivirus |
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|---|---|
