Its chief characteristic is its open airy clumps of yellow flowers. Each "flower" is actually a composite flower, consisting of 4–5 petal-like flowers (strap or ray flowers), each approximately 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) in length. There are no disc flowers. Lactuca muralis grows about 2–4 feet (0.6–1.2 m) tall with the lower leaves pinnately toothed and clasping.
Lactuca muralis is slender, hairless herb[2] growing from 25 to 150 cm (10 to 59 in) tall. It often has purplish stems, and exudes a milky juice.
The lower leaves are lyre shaped, pinnate shaped. The lobes are triangular in shape, the terminal lobe being the largest.[4] The upper leaves are stalkless, smaller and less lobed. All leaves are red tinged.[5]
The achenes are short beaked, spindle shaped and black. The pappus has simple white hairs,[2] the inner longer than the outer.
The flower heads are yellow, small with only 4–5 yellow ray florets.[6][2] 1 cm (1⁄2in) wide more or less, on branches 90 degrees to the main stem, in loose panicle.[7] It flowers from June until September.[8]
Lactuca muralis is a native of Europe but has invaded shady roadsides, paths and logged areas of the Pacific Northwest[11] and New England[12] It has become naturalized in parts of Northern Ireland as long ago as 1913.[13] It was first recorded in The Burren, where it is now frequent, in 1939.[14]
It can be found in woodlands, especially Beech.[7] It is also found in calcareous soils, and walls.
^Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968 Excursion Flora of the British Isles Second Edition. ISBN0-521-04656-4 Cambridge
^Blamey, Fitter, Fitter, Marjorie, Richard, Alistair (2003). Wild Flowers of Britain and Ireland. A & C Black - London. pp. 302–303. ISBN0-7136-5944-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Sterry, Paul (2006). Complete British Wild Flowers. HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. pp. 212–213. ISBN978-0-00-781484-8.
^ abWebb, D.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue. D. 1996. An Irish Flora. Dundalgan Press (W. Tempest) Ltd. ISBN0 85221 131 7
^Hackney, P. Ed. 1992. Stewart and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland. Institute of Irish Studies and The Queen's University of Belfast. ISBN0 85389 446 9(HB)
Media related to Mycelis muralis at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Lactuca muralis at Wikispecies
