National Register of Historic Places listings in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on National Register of Historic PlacesinAllegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.^[1]

There are 255 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 10 National Historic Landmarks. Pittsburgh is the location of 182 of these properties and districts, including 5 National Historic Landmarks; they are listed separately, while the properties and districts elsewhere in the county, including 5 National Historic Landmarks, are listed here. Four properties are split between Pittsburgh and other parts of the county.

          This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted June 14, 2024.^[2]

Current listings[edit]

[3]	Name on the Register	Image	Date listed[4]	Location	City or town	Description
1	Allegheny River Lock and Dam No. 2	More images	April 21, 2000 (#00000396)	7451 Lockway West 40°29′24″N 79°54′51″W / 40.49°N 79.914167°W / 40.49; -79.914167 (Allegheny River Lock and Dam No. 2)	O'Hara Township	Extends into Pittsburgh
2	Allegheny River Lock and Dam No. 3		April 21, 2000 (#00000397)	Approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Barrington 40°32′18″N 79°48′13″W / 40.538333°N 79.803611°W / 40.538333; -79.803611 (Allegheny River Lock and Dam No. 3)	Harmar Township and Plum
3	Allegheny River Lock and Dam No. 4		April 21, 2000 (#00000398)	1 River Avenue 40°36′52″N 79°42′59″W / 40.614444°N 79.716389°W / 40.614444; -79.716389 (Allegheny River Lock and Dam No. 4)	Harrison Township	Extends into Lower BurrellinWestmoreland County
4	Beulah Presbyterian Church	More images	November 3, 1975 (#75001606)	Beulah and McCrady Roads 40°26′49″N 79°50′54″W / 40.447°N 79.848311°W / 40.447; -79.848311 (Beulah Presbyterian Church)	Churchill
5	Bost Building		January 20, 1999 (#99000627)	621-623 East 8th Avenue 40°24′33″N 79°54′16″W / 40.409119°N 79.904361°W / 40.409119; -79.904361 (Bost Building)	Homestead	Headquarters of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers during the 1892 Homestead Strike
6	Bowman Homestead		September 7, 1979 (#79003140)	North of McKeesport at 3500 The Lane 40°22′14″N 79°49′31″W / 40.370583°N 79.825156°W / 40.370583; -79.825156 (Bowman Homestead)	North Versailles Township
7	Boyce Station		November 14, 1982 (#82001528)	1050 Boyce Road 40°19′05″N 80°06′50″W / 40.318056°N 80.113889°W / 40.318056; -80.113889 (Boyce Station)	Upper St. Clair Township	Intact example of turn-of-century train station that served as local commercial center
8	Bridge in Jefferson Borough		June 22, 1988 (#88000938)	Cochran Mill Road over Lick Run 40°17′34″N 79°58′13″W / 40.292911°N 79.970208°W / 40.292911; -79.970208 (Bridge in Jefferson Borough)	Jefferson Hills and South Park Township
9	Bridge in Shaler Township		June 22, 1988 (#88000797)	Birchfield Road over Pine Creek 40°32′42″N 79°57′45″W / 40.545008°N 79.962636°W / 40.545008; -79.962636 (Bridge in Shaler Township)	Shaler Township
10	Burtner Stone House		January 13, 1972 (#72001088)	Northwest of Natrona Heights on Burtner Road 40°37′53″N 79°43′51″W / 40.631369°N 79.730819°W / 40.631369; -79.730819 (Burtner Stone House)	Harrison Township
11	Campbell Building		September 19, 1988 (#88001157)	3 Crafton Square 40°26′08″N 80°03′54″W / 40.4356°N 80.065°W / 40.4356; -80.065 (Campbell Building)	Crafton
12	Carnegie Free Library	More images	October 15, 1980 (#80003402)	1507 Liberty Avenue 40°20′43″N 79°51′19″W / 40.345381°N 79.855206°W / 40.345381; -79.855206 (Carnegie Free Library)	McKeesport
13	Carnegie Free Library of Braddock	More images	June 19, 1973 (#73001585)	419 Library Street 40°24′07″N 79°51′56″W / 40.401869°N 79.865425°W / 40.401869; -79.865425 (Carnegie Free Library of Braddock)	Braddock	First Carnegie library built in the United States; designated a National Historic Landmark March 2, 2012 (as "Braddock Carnegie Library")
14	Andrew Carnegie Free Library		October 8, 1981 (#81000523)	300 Beechwood Avenue 40°24′25″N 80°05′09″W / 40.406867°N 80.085856°W / 40.406867; -80.085856 (Andrew Carnegie Free Library)	Carnegie
15	Carrie Blast Furnace Number 6 and 7	More images	September 20, 2006 (#06001070)	Northern side of the Monongahela River, 0.5 miles (0.80 km) west of the Rankin Bridge 40°24′47″N 79°53′24″W / 40.413081°N 79.890078°W / 40.413081; -79.890078 (Carrie Blast Furnace Number 6 and 7)	Munhall, Rankin, and Swissvale	Only remainder of once-vast Homestead Steel Works
16	Rachel Carson House	More images	October 22, 1976 (#76001601)	613 Marion Avenue 40°32′47″N 79°47′00″W / 40.546431°N 79.783353°W / 40.546431; -79.783353 (Rachel Carson House)	Springdale	Childhood home of author Rachel Carson
17	Coraopolis Armory		November 14, 1991 (#91001695)	835 5th Avenue 40°31′10″N 80°10′08″W / 40.519454°N 80.168839°W / 40.519454; -80.168839 (Coraopolis Armory)	Coraopolis
18	Coraopolis Bridge	More images	January 7, 1986 (#86000021)	Ohio River Back Channel at Ferree Street and Grand Avenue 40°30′58″N 80°09′07″W / 40.516111°N 80.151944°W / 40.516111; -80.151944 (Coraopolis Bridge)	Coraopolis and Neville Township
19	Coraopolis Railroad Station	More images	April 20, 1979 (#79002156)	Neville Avenue and Mill Street 40°31′08″N 80°09′49″W / 40.5189°N 80.1637°W / 40.5189; -80.1637 (Coraopolis Railroad Station)	Coraopolis
20	Davis Island Lock and Dam Site	More images	August 29, 1980 (#80003400)	Off Pennsylvania Route 65 40°29′35″N 80°03′56″W / 40.493056°N 80.065556°W / 40.493056; -80.065556 (Davis Island Lock and Dam Site)	Avalon
21	Elmridge		May 10, 2005 (#05000412)	Beaver Road at Camp Meeting Road 40°33′49″N 80°12′15″W / 40.563747°N 80.204222°W / 40.563747; -80.204222 (Elmridge)	Leetsdale
22	Evergreen Hamlet	More images	September 17, 1974 (#74001738)	Evergreen Hamlet Road 40°30′29″N 79°59′39″W / 40.508169°N 79.994231°W / 40.508169; -79.994231 (Evergreen Hamlet)	Ross Township
23	Experimental and Safety Research Coal Mines		June 26, 2017 (#100001250)	Western side of Cochran Mill Rd., 2 miles south of Bruceton 40°17′43″N 79°58′21″W / 40.295286°N 79.972544°W / 40.295286; -79.972544 (Experimental and Safety Research Coal Mines)	South Park Township
24	Experimental Mine, U.S. Bureau of Mines		October 18, 1974 (#74001732)	South of Bruceton off Cochran Mill Road 40°18′18″N 79°58′51″W / 40.305022°N 79.980969°W / 40.305022; -79.980969 (Experimental Mine, U.S. Bureau of Mines)	South Park Township
25	First Methodist Episcopal Church of McKeesport		September 30, 2014 (#14000814)	1406 Cornell St. 40°20′47″N 79°51′30″W / 40.346389°N 79.858333°W / 40.346389; -79.858333 (First Methodist Episcopal Church of McKeesport)	McKeesport
26	First United Presbyterian Church of Braddock		December 30, 2019 (#100004810)	724 Parker Ave. 40°24′08″N 79°51′57″W / 40.402222°N 79.865833°W / 40.402222; -79.865833 (First United Presbyterian Church of Braddock)	Braddock
27	Fortieth Street Bridge	More images	June 22, 1988 (#88000820)	40th Street over the Allegheny River 40°28′25″N 79°58′12″W / 40.473611°N 79.97°W / 40.473611; -79.97 (Fortieth Street Bridge)	Millvale	Extends into Pittsburgh
28	Fulton Log House		December 6, 1975 (#75001610)	Southwest of Pittsburgh on Clifton-Bridgeville Road off U.S. Route 19 40°19′59″N 80°04′14″W / 40.333°N 80.070656°W / 40.333; -80.070656 (Fulton Log House)	Upper St. Clair Township
29	Gardner-Bailey House		October 1, 1974 (#74001739)	124 West Swissvale Avenue 40°25′55″N 79°53′12″W / 40.431944°N 79.886667°W / 40.431944; -79.886667 (Gardner-Bailey House)	Edgewood
30	Gilfillan Farm		November 20, 1979 (#79002155)	1950 Washington Road 40°20′32″N 80°03′52″W / 40.342222°N 80.064444°W / 40.342222; -80.064444 (Gilfillan Farm)	Upper St. Clair Township	Mid-19th century farm still working amid modern suburban development (now partially a county park); main house shows transition between Greek Revival and Victorian architectural styles
31	Hamnett Historic District		June 28, 2010 (#10000408)	Roughly bounded by Rebecca Ave., rear property lines on the east side of Center St., Sewer Way, Lytle Way, and the Norfolk Southern RR right-of-way 40°26′19″N 79°53′05″W / 40.438611°N 79.884722°W / 40.438611; -79.884722 (Hamnett Historic District)	Wilkinsburg
32	Homestead High-Level Bridge	More images	January 7, 1986 (#86000016)	Monongahela River at West Street 40°24′40″N 79°55′09″W / 40.411111°N 79.919167°W / 40.411111; -79.919167 (Homestead High-Level Bridge)	Homestead	Extends into Pittsburgh
33	Homestead Historic District	More images	May 10, 1990 (#90000696)	8th Avenue area roughly bounded by Mesta, 6th, Andrew, 11th, and Walnut Streets and Doyle and 7th Avenues 40°24′17″N 79°54′27″W / 40.404722°N 79.9075°W / 40.404722; -79.9075 (Homestead Historic District)	Homestead, Munhall, and West Homestead
34	Homestead Pennsylvania Railroad Station	More images	December 26, 1985 (#85003157)	Amity Street 40°24′29″N 79°54′45″W / 40.407989°N 79.91245°W / 40.407989; -79.91245 (Homestead Pennsylvania Railroad Station)	Homestead
35	Hutchinson Farm		February 19, 1986 (#86000321)	Round Hill Road at Pennsylvania Route 51 40°14′23″N 79°51′54″W / 40.239736°N 79.864961°W / 40.239736; -79.864961 (Hutchinson Farm)	Elizabeth Township
36	Jerome Street Bridge	More images	June 22, 1988 (#88000818)	5th Avenue over the Youghiogheny River 40°21′02″N 79°52′12″W / 40.3505°N 79.869956°W / 40.3505; -79.869956 (Jerome Street Bridge)	McKeesport
37	Kennywood Park	More images	February 27, 1987 (#87000824)	4800 Kennywood Boulevard 40°23′15″N 79°51′48″W / 40.3875°N 79.863333°W / 40.3875; -79.863333 (Kennywood Park)	West Mifflin	Only large remaining U.S. "trolley" amusement park
38	Dr. Thomas R. Kerr House and Office		September 2, 2003 (#03000885)	438 4th Street 40°31′02″N 79°50′26″W / 40.517222°N 79.840556°W / 40.517222; -79.840556 (Dr. Thomas R. Kerr House and Office)	Oakmont
39	Lehner Grain-and-Cider Mill and House		October 24, 1996 (#96001202)	548 and 560 Penn Street[5] 40°30′13″N 79°50′45″W / 40.503667°N 79.845972°W / 40.503667; -79.845972 (Lehner Grain-and-Cider Mill and House)	Verona
40	Isaac Lightner House		April 20, 1978 (#78002333)	2407 Mt. Royal Boulevard 40°32′15″N 79°58′22″W / 40.5375°N 79.9727°W / 40.5375; -79.9727 (Isaac Lightner House)	Shaler Township
41	Lobb's Cemetery and Yohogania County Courthouse Site		November 12, 1992 (#92001501)	Calamity Hollow Road at Lobb's Run 40°15′46″N 79°54′58″W / 40.2629°N 79.9160°W / 40.2629; -79.9160 (Lobb's Cemetery and Yohogania County Courthouse Site)	Jefferson Hills
42	Logans Ferry Powder Works Historic District		May 7, 1998 (#98000399)	Barking Road 40°32′18″N 79°45′56″W / 40.5382°N 79.7655°W / 40.5382; -79.7655 (Logans Ferry Powder Works Historic District)	Plum
43	Longfellow School		June 28, 1984 (#84003088)	Monroe Street and McClure Avenue 40°25′20″N 79°53′30″W / 40.4223°N 79.8917°W / 40.4223; -79.8917 (Longfellow School)	Swissvale
44	Longue Vue Club and Golf Course		May 10, 2005 (#05000414)	400 Longue Vue Drive, Verona 40°28′52″N 79°51′31″W / 40.4811°N 79.8586°W / 40.4811; -79.8586 (Longue Vue Club and Golf Course)	Penn Hills Township
45	McKees Rocks Bridge	More images	November 14, 1988 (#88002168)	Legislative Route 76, Spur 2, over the Ohio River at McKees Rocks 40°28′37″N 80°02′56″W / 40.4770°N 80.0489°W / 40.4770; -80.0489 (McKees Rocks Bridge)	McKees Rocks and Stowe Township	Extends into Pittsburgh
46	McKeesport National Bank		August 29, 1980 (#80003403)	5th Avenue and Sinclair Street 40°21′04″N 79°51′43″W / 40.3511°N 79.8619°W / 40.3511; -79.8619 (McKeesport National Bank)	McKeesport
47	Andrew S. and Elizabeth Miller House		June 10, 2019 (#100004021)	366 Lincoln Ave. 40°29′40″N 80°03′08″W / 40.4944°N 80.0522°W / 40.4944; -80.0522 (Andrew S. and Elizabeth Miller House)	Bellevue
48	James Miller House		January 17, 1975 (#75001605)	East of Bethel on Manse Drive 40°19′12″N 80°00′23″W / 40.3201°N 80.0065°W / 40.3201; -80.0065 (James Miller House)	South Park Township	On the site of the Oliver Miller Homestead, first settled in 1772. In 1794, the first fired gunshots of the Whiskey Rebellion occurred on the property. In 1830, the log house was replaced with a large stone section, making it the "Stone Manse" house as it stands today.
49	Mine Roof Simulator		June 26, 2017 (#100001251)	NIOSH, Bruceton Research Center, W. side of Cochran Hill Rd. 40°18′10″N 79°58′46″W / 40.3027°N 79.9795°W / 40.3027; -79.9795 (Mine Roof Simulator)	South Park Township
50	MISSISSIPPI III	More images	September 21, 1983 (#83002066)	Neville Island 40°30′44″N 80°07′12″W / 40.5122°N 80.12°W / 40.5122; -80.12 (MISSISSIPPI III)	Neville Township	The last of the Texas-deck sternwheelers, Showboat Becky Thatcher relocated from Marietta, Ohio, in October 2009.[6] On the night of February 19, 2010, the Becky Thatcher sank at its mooring on Neville Island in the Ohio River.[7] Demolition of the boat began on Monday, March 8, 2010.[8]
51	Mooncrest Historic District		September 18, 2013 (#13000741)	Roughly bounded by University Boulevard, Lee Drive, Thorn Run, Fern Hollow & Old Thorn Run Roads 40°31′26″N 80°11′25″W / 40.5240°N 80.1903°W / 40.5240; -80.1903 (Mooncrest Historic District)	Moon Township	This community was built during World War II as housing for defense workers. Mooncrest residents produced armor plate, munitions, and ships at the nearby Dravo CorporationonNeville Island.
52	Mt. Alvernia Historic District	Upload image	April 4, 2024 (#100010142)	146 Hawthorne Road 40°29′34″N 79°58′13″W / 40.4928°N 79.9703°W / 40.4928; -79.9703 (Mt. Alvernia Historic District)	Shaler Township
53	Mt. Lebanon Historic District	More images	September 30, 2014 (#14000813)	Roughly bounded by Gilkeson, Washington, Scott, and Pine Tree Rds., Mt. Lebanon, and Castle Shannon and Cedar Boulevards 40°22′25″N 80°02′56″W / 40.3736°N 80.0489°W / 40.3736; -80.0489 (Mt. Lebanon Historic District)	Mt. Lebanon Township
54	Oakdale Public School		March 28, 1997 (#97000289)	33 Hastings Street 40°23′54″N 80°11′00″W / 40.3983°N 80.1833°W / 40.3983; -80.1833 (Oakdale Public School)	Oakdale
55	Oakmont Country Club Historic District		August 17, 1984 (#84003090)	Hulton Road 40°31′33″N 79°49′36″W / 40.5258°N 79.8268°W / 40.5258; -79.8268 (Oakmont Country Club Historic District)	Plum	Oldest top-ranked golf course in the United States, designed by Henry Fownes and Edward Stotz in 1903
56	Ohringer Building		August 6, 2020 (#100005421)	640 Braddock Ave. 40°24′09″N 79°52′03″W / 40.4025°N 79.8675°W / 40.4025; -79.8675 (Ohringer Building)	Braddock
57	Pennsalt Historic District		July 18, 1985 (#85001571)	Roughly bounded by Federal, Penn, and Pond Streets, and Philadelphia and Blue Ridge Avenues, in Natrona 40°36′53″N 79°43′17″W / 40.6147°N 79.7213°W / 40.6147; -79.7213 (Pennsalt Historic District)	Harrison Township	Former company town of the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company
58	Pennsylvania Railroad Station-Wilkinsburg	More images	July 18, 1985 (#85001568)	Hay Street at Ross Avenue 40°26′35″N 79°53′17″W / 40.4431°N 79.8881°W / 40.4431; -79.8881 (Pennsylvania Railroad Station-Wilkinsburg)	Wilkinsburg
59	The Peoples Bank Building	Upload image	July 5, 2022 (#100007865)	301 5th Ave. 40°21′04″N 79°51′53″W / 40.35106°N 79.8648°W / 40.35106; -79.8648 (The Peoples Bank Building)	McKeesport
60	Reed Hall	More images	November 28, 1980 (#80003401)	West of Emsworth on Huntington Road 40°30′57″N 80°06′44″W / 40.5158°N 80.1122°W / 40.5158; -80.1122 (Reed Hall)	Kilbuck Township	Reed Hall was part of the former Dixmont State Hospital, which opened in 1862. Architect: Joseph W. Kerr (1815–1888).[9] The entire hospital, including Reed Hall, was demolished in 2006.[9]
61	St. Nicholas Croatian Church	More images	May 6, 1980 (#80003404)	24 Maryland Avenue 40°28′37″N 79°58′11″W / 40.4770°N 79.9697°W / 40.4770; -79.9697 (St. Nicholas Croatian Church)	Millvale
62	St. Thomas Memorial Church	More images	October 4, 2016 (#16000696)	378 Delaware Ave. 40°31′03″N 79°50′27″W / 40.5174°N 79.8409°W / 40.5174; -79.8409 (St. Thomas Memorial Church)	Oakmont
63	Sauer Buildings Historic District	More images	September 11, 1985 (#85002296)	607-717 Center Avenue 40°29′41″N 79°54′13″W / 40.4948°N 79.903531°W / 40.4948; -79.903531 (Sauer Buildings Historic District)	Aspinwall	The buildings in this district were designed by Frederick C. Sauer (1860–1942), from around 1900 until his death in 1942.
64	David Shields House		October 29, 1975 (#75001607)	Shields Lane 40°33′25″N 80°11′59″W / 40.557039°N 80.199761°W / 40.557039; -80.199761 (David Shields House)	Edgeworth
65	John F. Singer House	More images	November 13, 1974 (#74001744)	1318 Singer Place 40°26′48″N 79°52′56″W / 40.446667°N 79.882222°W / 40.446667; -79.882222 (John F. Singer House)	Wilkinsburg
66	Sperling Building		May 10, 2005 (#05000410)	1007-1013 Penn Avenue 40°26′38″N 79°52′45″W / 40.443889°N 79.879167°W / 40.443889; -79.879167 (Sperling Building)	Wilkinsburg
67	Thornburg Historic District		December 8, 1982 (#82001529)	Off Pennsylvania Route 60 40°25′57″N 80°05′00″W / 40.432492°N 80.083267°W / 40.432492; -80.083267 (Thornburg Historic District)	Thornburg
68	Turtle Creek High School		August 30, 2007 (#07000880)	126 Monroeville Avenue 40°24′18″N 79°49′26″W / 40.405°N 79.823889°W / 40.405; -79.823889 (Turtle Creek High School)	Turtle Creek
69	United States Post Office-Sewickley Branch		December 26, 2012 (#12001094)	200 Broad St. 40°32′13″N 80°11′03″W / 40.53696°N 80.184191°W / 40.53696; -80.184191 (United States Post Office-Sewickley Branch)	Sewickley
70	Van Kirk Farm		February 19, 1986 (#86000320)	Round Hill Road at Scenery Drive 40°14′28″N 79°51′43″W / 40.241028°N 79.861969°W / 40.241028; -79.861969 (Van Kirk Farm)	Elizabeth Township
71	Walker-Ewing Log House		January 30, 1976 (#76001593)	Northeast of Oakdale on Noblestown Road 40°24′40″N 80°09′36″W / 40.411192°N 80.160108°W / 40.411192; -80.160108 (Walker-Ewing Log House)	Collier Township	Log house built circa 1790
72	Nicholas Way House		September 13, 1978 (#78002339)	108 Beaver Road 40°32′51″N 80°11′19″W / 40.547519°N 80.188511°W / 40.547519; -80.188511 (Nicholas Way House)	Edgeworth
73	Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building		March 6, 1987 (#87000376)	Marguerite and Bluff Streets 40°23′32″N 79°48′27″W / 40.392122°N 79.8074°W / 40.392122; -79.8074 (Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building)	Wilmerding	Built in 1890, this building contained the offices of the Westinghouse Air Brake Company, founded by George Westinghouse.
74	George Westinghouse Memorial Bridge	More images	March 28, 1977 (#77001120)	U.S. Route 30atTurtle Creek 40°23′38″N 79°50′16″W / 40.393889°N 79.837778°W / 40.393889; -79.837778 (George Westinghouse Memorial Bridge)	East Pittsburgh and North Versailles Township
75	Wilkinsburg Historic District		May 14, 2018 (#100002401)	Roughly bounded by North, E. Swissvale, Center, and Rebecca Aves., Stoner Way, and the MLK Jr. East Busway 40°26′30″N 79°52′43″W / 40.441667°N 79.878611°W / 40.441667; -79.878611 (Wilkinsburg Historic District)	Wilkinsburg
76	Wilpen Hall		April 20, 2011 (#11000201)	889-895 Blackburn Road and 201 Scaife Road 40°32′52″N 80°09′05″W / 40.547778°N 80.151389°W / 40.547778; -80.151389 (Wilpen Hall)	Sewickley Heights
77	Woodville	More images	February 5, 1974 (#74001733)	South of Heidelberg on Pennsylvania Route 50 40°22′47″N 80°05′47″W / 40.379722°N 80.096389°W / 40.379722; -80.096389 (Woodville)	Collier Township	1785 home of John Neville, tax collector targeted by the Whiskey Rebels. Preserved and restored to near-original condition; today one of the oldest houses in the county.

Former listing[edit]

[3]	Name on the Register	Image	Date listed	Date removed	Location	City or town	Description
1	Linden Grove		November 5, 1987 (#87001970)	January 20, 2000	Grove Road at Library Road and Willow Avenue 40°22′03″N 80°00′51″W / 40.367539°N 80.014289°W / 40.367539; -80.014289 (Linden Grove)	Castle Shannon	Delisted due to extensive alterations.

See also[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to National Register of Historic Places in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Pennsylvania
• List of National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania
• List of City of Pittsburgh historic designations
• List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks
• List of Pennsylvania state historical markers in Allegheny County

References[edit]