Contents

Neuropeptide S

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

NPS
Identifiers
Aliases	NPS, neuropeptide S
External IDs	OMIM: 609513; MGI: 3642232; HomoloGene: 106066; GeneCards: NPS; OMA:NPS - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 10 (human)[1] Band 10q26.2 Start 127,549,309 bp[1] End 127,553,540 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 7 (mouse)[2] Band 7|7 F3 Start 134,860,432 bp[2] End 134,874,671 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in testicle islet of Langerhans prefrontal cortex substantia nigra hypothalamus temporal lobe amygdala Top expressed in embryo embryo spermatocyte testicle genital tubercle hypothalamus cerebellar cortex spermatid More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 594857 100043254 Ensembl ENSG00000214285 ENSMUSG00000073804 UniProt P0C0P6 P0C0P8 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001030013 NM_001163611 RefSeq (protein) NP_001025184 NP_001157083 Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 127.55 – 127.55 Mb Chr 7: 134.86 – 134.87 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a neuropeptide found in human and mammalian brain, mainly produced by neurons in the amygdala and between Barrington's nucleus and the locus coeruleus, although NPS-responsive neurons extend projections into many other brain areas.^[5][6][7] NPS binds specifically to a G protein-coupled receptor, NPSR.^[8][9] Animal studies show that NPS suppresses anxiety and appetite, induces wakefulness and hyperactivity, including hyper-sexuality, and plays a significant role in the extinction of conditioned fear.^{[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]} It has also been shown to significantly enhance dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway,^[16] and inhibits motility and increases permeability in neurocrine fashion acting through NO in the myenteric plexus in rats and humans.^[17]

Synthetic ligands[edit]

The non-peptide NPS receptor antagonist SHA-68 blocks the effects of NPS in animals and is anxiogenic.^[18] Several peptide derived NPS agonists and antagonists have also been developed.^{[19][20][21][22][23]}

Peptide sequence[edit]

Below are the sequences of mature neuropeptide S in several representative species in which it is expressed:

According to Pfam's HMM logo, there is a conserved "KR" cleave site immediately N-terminal to the C-terminal mature peptide.

References[edit]

^ Meis S, Bergado-Acosta JR, Yanagawa Y, Obata K, Stork O, Munsch T (2008). Grothe B (ed.). "Identification of a neuropeptide S responsive circuitry shaping amygdala activity via the endopiriform nucleus". PLOS ONE. 3 (7): e2695. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2695M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002695. PMC 2442874. PMID 18628994.