Denarius of Marcus Nonius Sufenas, 59 BC. Saturn is portrayed on the obverse while the reverse depicts Victoria crowning Roma. The legend "Sex(tus) Noni(us) Pr(aetor) L(udos) V(ictoriae) P(rimus) F(ecit)" tells that Sufenas' father, the praetor Sextus Nonius established the Ludi Victoriae Sullanae in 81 BC.
The gens Nonia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Its members first appear in history toward the end of the Republic. The first of the Nonii to obtain the consulship was Lucius Nonius Asprenas in 36 BC. From then until the end of the fourth century, they regularly held the highest offices of the Roman state.[1]
The nomenNonius is a patronymic surname, based on the praenomenNonus, presumably belonging to an ancestor of the gens.[2] The name is undoubtedly Latin, although the first of the Nonii to rise to prominence at Rome is said to have come from Picenum.[3] Another branch of the family seems to have come from Aesernia.[4]
The chief praenomina of the Nonii were Lucius, Marcus, and Publius, all of which were used by the Nonii Asprenates, while the Quinctiliani used Lucius and Sextus, the latter coming from the Quinctilii, in the maternal line. The Nonii Galli used Marcus and Gaius, while the Macrini used Marcus and Publius. Other praenomina occasionally appear among Nonii whose connection to the main branches of the family, if any, is unknown, including Aulus, Gnaeus, and Quintus. Titus is given in some sources as the earliest ancestor of the Asprenates, solely from the filiation of the consul of 36 BC, but this is very uncertain, and the name is not otherwise found among the Nonii.[5]
The main surnames of the Nonii were Asprenas, Balbus, Gallus, Quinctilianus, and Sufenas, of which only the last two appear on coins. A few of the Nonii occur without surnames.[1]Asprenas, the name of the most prominent family of the Nonii, and Sufenas[i] belong to a class of cognomen apparently derived from the names of towns that can no longer be identified.[6]Balbus was a common surname, originally given to someone with a pronounced stammer,[7] while Gallus could signify either a Gaul or a cockerel.[8]
The Nonii Asprenates emerge into history in the time of Caesar. They remained prominent through the middle of the second century, and the Quinctiliani appear to have constituted a cadet branch of this family.[9] The Nonii Galli were the next family to appear, coming from the town of Aesernia,[4] in the Samnite country, where a Latincolony had been sent at the end of the Third Samnite War.[10]
Beginning in the mid-second century there is a family with the surname Macrinus, a diminutive of the cognomen Macro, a Greek name meaning "great" or "large". This family distinguished itself through military and civil service, and evidently obtained patrician rank, as Marcus Nonius Arrius Paulinus Aper was advanced to the office of praetor without having first served as tribune of the plebs.[11]
Nonius, a friend of Gaius Flavius Fimbria, who called upon his soldiers to swear to support him against Sulla in 84 BC. Notwithstanding their friendship, Nonius refused the oath.[15]
Nonius, a centurion, was murdered by his soldiers in 41 BC, while attempting to quell a mutiny on the Campus Martius in 41 BC.[16]
Nonius, placed in charge of one of the gates of Rome during the Perusine War, permitted Lucius Antonius to enter the city.[17]
Nonius (Sufenas), the brother-in-law of the dictator Sulla, is presumed to have married the dictator's sister Cornelia. Either he or his son Sextus is likely the same Nonius who betrayed Fimbria for Sulla in 84 BC.[18][19]
Sextus Nonius Sufenas, nephew of Sulla, and praetor in 81 BC, established the Ludi Victoriae Sullanae, the games in honour of the dictator's victory. He may have married an older sister of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus.[20][21]
Sextus Nonius Sex. f. Sufenas, possibly the nephew of Pompey named Sextus, mentioned by Plutarch, in which case he was the son of Sextus Nonius, the praetor of 81 BC, and Pompeia. Either he or his younger brother, Marcus, may have been the Nonius insulted by Catullus.[22]
Marcus Nonius Sex. f. Sufenas, triumvir monetalis in 59 BC. As tribune of the plebs in 56, with two of his colleagues, he prevented the comitia from being held, and new consuls elected. He was tried for this action, but acquitted. He was praetorcirca 52, and afterward governor of one of the eastern provinces, perhaps Crete and CyrenaicaorMacedonia. He, or possibly his brother, Sextus, is probably the same man as the Nonius who was called by Catullus "struma", a tumor, when he served as one of the curule magistrates, possibly aedile, around 55 BC. He proved himself unfit for his position, causing the poet to remark sarcastically, quid est, Catulle, quid moraris emori? Sella in curuli struma Nonius sedet.[ii][23][24][25][19][26][27][28]
Nonia Sex. f., daughter of Sextus Nonius Sufenas, the praetor of 81 BC, and Pompeia, married a Marcus Anneius of Carseoli, and had at a son by him who was adopted by one of her brothers, probably Sextus.[29]
Sextus Nonius (Sex. f. Sex. n.) Sufenas Anneianus, born Marcus Anneius Carseolanus, the son of Marcus Anneius and Nonia, was adopted by one of his uncles, presumably Sextus.[29]
Nonius, the son of "struma", was a senator who said to possess an opal worth two million sesterces, an immense value. According to Pliny, he was proscribed in 43 BC by the triumvirAntonius on account of his treasure.[30][31]
Nonius Asprenas, as tribune of the plebs in 44 BC, he tried to prevent Publius Cornelius Dolabella from receiving the province of Asia after the murder of Caesar by fabricating unfavourable omens.[37][38]
Lucius Nonius Sex. f. L. n. Quinctilianus, son of the consul of AD 8, and brother of the consul of 38.[61][60]
Lucius Nonius L. f. Sex. n. Quintilianus, grandson of the consul of AD 8, was an augur, and one of the Salii Palatinii. He died at the age of twenty-four.[60]
Marcus Nonius C. f. C. n. Gallus Aeserninus, sent against the Treveri and Germani, whom he defeated in 29 BC. He was acclaimed Imperator by his soldiers. He might be the same Nonius who served under Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus during the Civil War.[62][63][4]
Nonii Balbi
[edit]Equestrian statue of Marcus Nonius M. f. M. n. Balbus, c. AD 50. Originally located on the forum or near the basilica of Herculaneum, it is now on display in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples.
Marcus Nonius Balbus, married Viciria Archais, and was the father of Marcus Nonius Balbus, proconsul of Crete.[64]
Marcus Nonius M. f. M. n. Arrius Paulinus Aper, one of the quindecimviri sacris faciundis, like his father and brother. He was urban prefect, but it is not clear whether he ever became consul. His wife was (Roscia?) Pacula.[11]
Nonia Arria Hermionilla, the wife of Sextus Valerius Poplicola Vettilianus, an eques, and grandmother of Marcus Annius Valerius Catullus.[9]
Nonia C. f., named in an inscription found on a cippus, or pedestal, in the garden of Titianus.[9]
Nonia Antistia, named in an inscription found on a pipe.[9]
Nonia Maxima, named in an inscription found on a pipe.[9]
Gaius Nonius C. f. Proculus, consul suffectus in an uncertain year.[60]
Gnaeus Nonius, an eques who was discovered wearing a sword while in a crowd around the emperor Claudius, in AD 47.[71]
Nonius Receptus, a centurion in the twenty-second legion, who remained loyal to the emperor Galba in AD 69. He was imprisoned and put to death by his colleagues, who had taken the side of Vitellius.[72][9]
Nonius Attianus, one of the delatores in the reign of Nero, was punished in AD 70, following the accession of Vespasian.[73][49]
Publius Nonius P. l. Olympus Asprenatus, freedman of Publius Nonius Asprenas Caesianus.[49]
Nonia P. l. Ionica, a freedwoman, was the wife of Olympus Asprenatus.[49]
Nonius Celer, helped arrange the marriage of Quintilianus, a friend of Pliny the Younger.[74]
Marcus Nonius M. f. Mucianus Publius Delphius Peregrinus, consul suffectus in October of AD 138. It is uncertain whether he was related to the Nonii Macrini, among whom there was Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus; a Publius Nonius Macrinus was quaestor in the year of Peregrinus' consulship.[60]
Quintus Nonius Sosius Priscus, consul in AD 149.[9]
Nonius Bassus, consul suffectus in an uncertain year.[4]
Nonius Gratilianus, a minor Roman noble, was chosen to join the collegium of Beneventum in AD 257.[4]
Nonius Paternus, consul circa AD 279, and perhaps praefectus urbi in 281.[60]
Nonius, name of a possible usurper attested from coins dated to around 350, but who escaped any literary mention. Previously he was identified with Regalianus, but this is no longer accepted.[77][78]
Nonius Marcellus, a Latin grammarian of uncertain date,[iii] and the author of an important treatise entitled De Compendiosa Doctrina per Litteras ad Filium, also known as De Proprietate Sermonis. The work is itself highly disorganized, but it contains numerous quotations from notable authors whose own works have been lost.[79]
^"Why do you wait to die, O Catullus? Nonius the tumor sits in the curule chair!"
^He may have lived at any time from the third to the fifth century, as nothing can be deduced from his style, but he mentions Apuleius and frequently borrows from Aulus Gellius, and he is quoted on multiple occasions by Priscian.
^Carey, Michael Peter (1951). The Emperors of Rome: Together with the Usurpers Or Rebel Emperors. Wetzel Publishing Company. p. 119.
^Akerman, John Yonge (1843). A Descriptive Catalogue of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins: From the Earliest Period of the Roman Coinage, to the Extinction of the Empire Under Constantinus Paleologos. Vol. 2. E. Wilson. p. 294.
^Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, pp. 937, 938 ("Nonius Marcellus").
Appianus Alexandrinus (Appian), Bellum Civile (The Civil War), Bella Mithridatica (The Mithridatic Wars).
Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus (Cassius Dio), Roman History.
Aelius Lampridius, Aelius Spartianus, Flavius Vopiscus, Julius Capitolinus, Trebellius Pollio, and Vulcatius Gallicanus, Historia Augusta (Augustan History).
