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Norman Earl Steenrod (April 22, 1910 – October 14, 1971) was an American mathematician most widely known for his contributions to the field of algebraic topology .[1]
He was born in Dayton, Ohio , and educated at Miami University and University of Michigan (A.B. 1932). After receiving a master's degree from Harvard University in 1934, he enrolled at Princeton University . He completed his Ph.D. under the direction of Solomon Lefschetz , with a thesis titled Universal homology groups .
Steenrod held positions at the University of Chicago from 1939 to 1942, and the University of Michigan from 1942 to 1947. He moved to Princeton University in 1947, and remained on the Faculty there for the rest of his career. He was editor of the Annals of Mathematics and a member of the National Academy of Sciences . He died in Princeton, survived by his wife, the former Carolyn Witter, and two children.[2]
Thanks to Lefschetz and others, the cup product structure of cohomology was understood by the early 1940s. Steenrod was able to define operations from one cohomology group to another (the so-called Steenrod squares ) that generalized the cup product. The additional structure made cohomology a finer invariant. The Steenrod cohomology operations form a (non-commutative) algebra under composition, known as the Steenrod algebra .
His book The Topology of Fibre Bundles [3] Samuel Eilenberg , he was a founder of the axiomatic approach to homology theory . See Eilenberg–Steenrod axioms .
See also [ edit ]
Publications [ edit ]
Steenrod, Norman E. (1943). "Homology with local coefficients". Annals of Mathematics 44 4 ): 610–627. doi :10.2307/1969099 . JSTOR 1969099 . MR 0009114 .
Eilenberg, Samuel ; Steenrod, Norman E. (1945). "Axiomatic approach to homology theory" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 31 4 ): 117–120. Bibcode :1945PNAS...31..117E . doi :10.1073/pnas.31.4.117 MR 0012228 . PMC 1078770 PMID 16578143 .
Steenrod, Norman E. (1947). "Products of cocycles and extensions of mappings". Annals of Mathematics 48 2 ): 290–320. doi :10.2307/1969172 . JSTOR 1969172 . MR 0022071 .
Steenrod, Norman E. (1962), Epstein, David B. A. (ed.), Cohomology operations Princeton University Press , ISBN 978-0-691-07924-0 MR 0145525 [4]
References [ edit ]
^ Milnor, John (1958). "Review: Norman Steenrod, The topology of fibre bundles " . Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 64 4 ): 202–203. doi :10.1090/s0002-9904-1958-10211-6
^ Szczarba, Robert H. (1964). "Review: Cohomology operations . Lectures by N. E. Steenrod. Written and revised by D. B. A. Epstein" . Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 70 4 ): 482–483. doi :10.1090/s0002-9904-1964-11157-5
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R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman_Steenrod&oldid=1224053103 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● 1 9 1 0 b i r t h s ● 1 9 7 1 d e a t h s ● 2 0 t h - c e n t u r y A m e r i c a n m a t h e m a t i c i a n s ● H a r v a r d U n i v e r s i t y a l u m n i ● P e o p l e f r o m D a y t o n , O h i o ● P r i n c e t o n U n i v e r s i t y a l u m n i ● P r i n c e t o n U n i v e r s i t y f a c u l t y ● A m e r i c a n t o p o l o g i s t s ● U n i v e r s i t y o f C h i c a g o f a c u l t y ● U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n f a c u l t y ● U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n a l u m n i ● M a t h e m a t i c i a n s f r o m O h i o ● M e m b e r s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s N a t i o n a l A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h h C a r d s ● W e b a r c h i v e t e m p l a t e w a y b a c k l i n k s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h F A S T i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h I S N I i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h V I A F i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h W o r l d C a t E n t i t i e s i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h B I B S Y S i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h B N F i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h B N F d a t a i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h C A N T I C N i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h G N D i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J 9 U i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h L C C N i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h L i b r i s i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h L N B i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h N D L i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h N K C i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h N L A i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h N T A i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h C I N I I i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h M A T H S N i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h M G P i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h Z B M A T H i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h T r o v e i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h S N A C - I D i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h S U D O C i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 5 M a y 2 0 2 4 , a t 2 3 : 4 1 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
