Nukufetau is an atoll that is part of the nationofTuvalu.[1][2] The atoll was claimed by the US under the Guano Islands Act some time in the 19th century and was ceded in a treaty of friendship concluded in 1979 and coming into force in 1983. It has a population of 597 who live on Savave islet (2017 Census).[3]
Nukufetau is an atoll with passages through the reef that allow large ships to enter and anchor in the lagoon. Nukufetau consists of at least 33 islets:
The biggest island is Motulalo. In the late 19th century, after the coming of the missionaries, the people of Nukufetau lived on Fale islet before shifting to Savave which is on the lagoon side of the Fale settlement.[4]: 86–87
On Savave islet 331 people live in Aulotu and 191 live in Maneapa (2012 census).[3]
History
[edit]Nukufetau islander (1841).A man from the Nukufetau atoll, drawn by Alfred Agate in 1841.
The traditional history of Nukufetau is that a party of Tongans were the first people to settle. When they landed they found only one fetau (orfetaʻuinTongan) tree growing on the atoll, so they called the place Nukufetau - the island of the fetau. They planted coconut trees and settled on Fale on the western side of the atoll.[4]: 86
Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantineorprivateerRebecca, sailing under British colours,[5][6] passed through the southern Tuvalu waters in May 1819 sighting Nukufetau.[7]
In 1820 the Russian explorer Mikhail Lazarev visited Nukufetau as commander of the Mirny.[7][8]
Tamala of Nukufetau atoll, Ellice Islands (circa 1900–1910)
Louis Becke, who later became a writer, operated a store on Nukufetau from February 1881 to August 1881.[10][11][12] Becke later wrote a story about a fishing expedition: The Fisher Folk Of Nukufetau.[13]
The population of Nukufetau from 1860 to 1900 is estimated to be 250 people.[14][15]
Alfred Restieaux was a trader on Nukufetau in the late 19th century from 1873 to 1879 and met his wife Litia.[16][17] He returned sometime in the 1880s; in 1892 Captain Edward Davis, of HMS Royalist, recorded Alfred Restieaux and Emile Fenisot as trading on Nukufetau.[18] Restieaux died on Nukufetau in 1911.
During World War II Coastwatchers, who observed and reported on Japanese shipping, had a station on Nukufetau.[20] In 1943 United States NavySeabees build a deepwater wharf and an airfield on Motulalo, which is the largest islet of Nukufetau.[21] Two intersecting runways of Nukufetau Airfield formed an "X" shape.
B-24s were based at the airfield. The Marine Attack Squadron 331 (VMA-331) also flew Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers from Nukufetau.[22] After the war the airfield was dismantled and the land returned to its owners, however as the coral base was compacted to make the runway the land now provides poor ground for growing coconuts.[21]
Nukufetau was affected by storm surges caused by Cyclone Pam in early March 2015, which damaged houses, crops and infrastructure. As of 22 March, 76 people (13 percent of the population) were displaced and were living in 2 evacuation centres.[23] The Situation Report published on 30 March reported that on Nukufetau all the displaced people have returned to their homes. Nukufetau suffered the loss of 90% of crops.[24]
In 2016 a 500-metre seawall was constructed to improve the defences against severe wet weather events. The $8 million cost of the project was paid by the United Nations Development Programme and was carried out by dredging and civil contracting company Hall Pacific.[25][26]
In addition to imported food, food is produced on Fale and on Funaota. The products include pulaka (a root crop), pigs, breadfruit, brown coconuts and germinating nuts.[27]
In 1951 the school that was located on Motumua islet was transferred to Savave and became the government primary school for Nukufetau.[4]: 91 It was named the Tutasi Memorial School in honour of its predecessor.
Enele Sopoaga, the younger brother of Saufatu Sopoanga, was elected to represent Nukufetau in the parliament in 2010, and served as the Prime Minister of Tuvalu from August 2013 until September 2019.
^ abcLafita, Nofoaiga (1983). "Chapter 12 - Nukufetau". In Laracy, Hugh (ed.). Tuvalu: A History. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu.
^De Peyster, J. Watts. Military (1776-'79) transactions of Major, afterwards Colonel, 8th or King's foot, Arent Schuyler de Peyster (with details of the discovery of the Ellice and de Peyster Islands in the Pacific Ocean, in May, 1819). Reproduction of original in: Bibliotheque nationale du Quebec. ISBN0665040512.
^ abKofe, Laumua (1983). "Chapter 15 - Palagi and Pastors". In Laracy, Hugh (ed.). Tuvalu: A History. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu. pp. 102–103.
^Keith S. Chambers & Doug Munro, The Mystery of Gran Cocal: European Discovery and Mis-Discovery in Tuvalu, 89(2) (1980) The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 167-198
^Tyler, David B. - 1968 The Wilkes Expedition. The First United States Exploring Expedition (1838-42). Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society
^Doug Munro, The Lives and Times of Resident Traders in Tuvalu: An Exercise in History from Below, (1987) 10(2) Pacific Studies 73
^A. Grove Day (1967). Louis Becke. Melbourne: Hill of Content. p. 35.
^ abTelavi, Melei (1983). "Chapter 18 - War". In Laracy, Hugh (ed.). Tuvalu: A History. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu. p. 143.
