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(Top) 1 What is a sport? 2 Types of sports 3 List of sports 4 Sport by region 5 History of sports 6 Recreational sporting 7 Rules 8 Sports in court 9 Sports training and nutrition 10 Sports medicine 11 Sports and media 11.1 Sports magazines 11.2 Sports television programs 12 Sports ethics and conduct 13 Sports participants 14 Sports venues 14.1 Sports venue features 15 Sports equipment 16 Game play 17 Sports management 18 Sports culture 19 Sports and politics 20 Sporting events 21 Sports governing bodies 22 Sociology of sport 23 Sport psychology 24 See also 24.1 Sports-related outlines 25 References 26 External links

Outline of sports

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100m race record holder Usain Bolt (in yellow) and other runners, Moscow, 2013.

Danish player Frederikke Lærke dives while Russian player Sofiya Lyshina looks on during a women's beach handball match, European Championships 2019.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to sports:

Sport – a physical activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively, sports can be played on land, in water and in the air.

What is a sport?[edit]

Sports can be described as all of the following:

Entertainment – Any sport that includes spectators, either free or paid admission, with no pre-scripted plot of the outcome. The athletics might also get entertained by complete sports objective.
Exercise – some sports are physical exercise while others are mental exercise.

Types of sports[edit]

Amateur sports

List of sports[edit]

List of sports

Sport by region[edit]

Africa

West Africa

Benin • Burkina Faso • Cape Verde • Côte d'Ivoire • Gambia • Ghana • Guinea • Guinea-Bissau • Liberia • Mali • Mauritania • Niger • Nigeria • Senegal • Sierra Leone • Togo

North Africa

Algeria • Egypt • Libya • Mauritania • Morocco • Sudan • Tunisia • Western Sahara

Central Africa

Angola • Burundi • Cameroon • Central African Republic • Chad • The Democratic Republic of the Congo • Equatorial Guinea • Gabon • Republic of the Congo • Rwanda • São Tomé and Príncipe

East Africa

Burundi • Comoros • Djibouti • Eritrea • Ethiopia • Kenya • Madagascar • Malawi • Mauritius • Mozambique • Rwanda • Seychelles • Somalia • Tanzania • Uganda • Zambia • Zimbabwe

Southern Africa

Botswana • Eswatini • Lesotho • Namibia • South Africa

Dependencies

Mayotte (France) • St. Helena (UK) • Puntland • Somaliland • Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Antarctica

None

Asia

Central Asia

Kazakhstan^[1] • Kyrgyzstan • Tajikistan • Turkmenistan • Uzbekistan

East Asia

China^[2]

Tibet

Hong Kong^[3] • Macau^[4]

Japan • North Korea • South Korea • Mongolia • Taiwan^[5]

North Asia

Russia^[6]

Southeast Asia^[7]

Brunei • Burma (Myanmar) • Cambodia^[8] • East Timor (Timor-Leste)^[9] • Indonesia^[10] • Laos • Malaysia • Philippines • Singapore • Thailand • Vietnam

South Asia

Afghanistan • Bangladesh • Bhutan• Iran • Maldives • Nepal • Pakistan • Sri Lanka

India^[11]

Delhi

West Asia

Armenia^[12] • Azerbaijan^[13] • Bahrain • Cyprus^[14] (including disputed Northern Cyprus) • Georgia^[15] • Iraq • Israel • Jordan • Kuwait • Lebanon • Oman • Palestine^[16]Qatar • Saudi Arabia • Syria • Turkey^[17] • United Arab Emirates • Yemen

Caucasus (a region considered to be in both Asia and Europe, or between them)

North Caucasus

Parts of Russia (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Adyghea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay–Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai)

South Caucasus

Georgia (including disputed Abkhazia, South Ossetia) • Armenia • Azerbaijan (including disputed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic)

Europe

Akrotiri and Dhekelia • Åland • Albania • Andorra • Armenia • Austria • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Faroe Islands • Finland • France • Georgia • Germany • Gibraltar • Greece • Guernsey • Hungary • Iceland • Ireland • Isle of Man • Italy • Jersey • Kazakhstan • Kosovo • Latvia • Liechtenstein • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Macedonia • Malta • Moldova (including disputed Transnistria) • Monaco • Montenegro • Netherlands • Norway • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • San Marino • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Svalbard • Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • Ukraine

United Kingdom

England (Birmingham, Bristol, Cornwall, London, Milton Keynes, Sussex, Worthing) • Northern Ireland (Belfast) • Scotland (Glasgow) • Wales (Cardiff)

Vatican City

European Union

North America

Canada

Greenland • Mexico • Saint Pierre and Miquelon

United States

Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Montana • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)

Central America

Belize • Costa Rica • El Salvador • Guatemala • Honduras • Nicaragua • Panama

Caribbean

Anguilla • Antigua and Barbuda • Aruba • Bahamas • Barbados • Bermuda • British Virgin Islands • Cayman Islands • Cuba • Dominica • Dominican Republic • Grenada • Haiti • Jamaica • Montserrat • Netherlands Antilles • Puerto Rico • Saint Barthélemy • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Lucia • Saint Martin • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Trinidad and Tobago • Turks and Caicos Islands • United States Virgin Islands

Oceania (includes the continent of Australia)

Australasia^[18]

Australia (Brisbane, Sydney)

Dependencies/Territories of Australia

Christmas Island^[19] • Cocos (Keeling) Islands • Norfolk Island

New Zealand^[20]

Melanesia^[21]

Fiji • Indonesia (Oceanian part only)^[22] • New Caledonia (France) • Papua New Guinea^[23] • Solomon Islands • Vanuatu •

Micronesia

Federated States of Micronesia • Guam (US) • Kiribati • Marshall Islands • Nauru • Northern Mariana Islands (USA) • Palau • Wake Island (USA) •

Polynesia^[24]

American Samoa (USA) • Chatham Islands (NZ) • Cook Islands (NZ) • Easter Island (Chile) • French Polynesia (France) • Hawaii (USA) • Loyalty Islands (France) • Niue (NZ) • Pitcairn Islands (UK) • Adamstown • Samoa • Tokelau (NZ) • Tonga • Tuvalu • Wallis and Futuna (France)

South America

Argentina • Bolivia • Brazil • Chile • Colombia • Ecuador • Falkland Islands • Guyana • Paraguay • Peru • Suriname • Uruguay • Venezuela

South Atlantic

Ascension Island • Saint Helena • Tristan da Cunha

History of sports[edit]

History of sports

Sports history organizations

History of American football

History of archery

History of association football

History of Australian rules football

History of baseball

History of basketball

History of chess

History of cricket

History of cue sports

History of curling

History of cycling

History of field hockey

History of figure skating

History of Formula One

History of hang gliding

History of the Gaelic Athletic Association

History of hurling

History of lacrosse

History of martial arts

History of netball

History of orienteering

History of professional wrestling

History of rodeo

History of roller derby

History of rowing

History of rugby league

History of rugby union

History of water polo

History of wrestling

Recreational sporting[edit]

Rules[edit]

Sports in court[edit]

General

Court of Arbitration for Sport

American football

American Needle, Inc. v. National Football League
Two cases that involved the trademark rights of the Washington Redskins:
- Harjo et al v. Pro Football, Inc.
- Pro-Football, Inc. v. Harjo
NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma

Association football

Baseball

Basketball

Other sports

Kolpak ruling

Sports training and nutrition[edit]

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2017)

Muscles training

Sports nutrition

Sports medicine[edit]

Sports medicine

Sports and media[edit]

Sports magazines[edit]

Sports television programs[edit]

Pulp Sport

Sports ethics and conduct[edit]

Sports participants[edit]

Sports venues[edit]

Sport venue

Arena

Association football pitch

Australian rules football playing field

Gym

Olympic-size swimming pool

Race track

Roller rink

Rugby league playing field

Speed skating rink

Stadium

Tennis court

Sports venue features[edit]

Sports equipment[edit]

Game play[edit]

Sports management[edit]

Sport management

Sports culture[edit]

Sports and politics[edit]

Politics and sports

Sporting events[edit]

Sports governing bodies[edit]

Sports governing body

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2009)

Regulation of sport

World governing bodies of various notable sports:

Multisports:
- The Olympic Games: International Olympic Committee (IOC)
- Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations
Baseball and Softball: World Baseball Softball Confederation
Basketball: FIBA (International Basketball Federation), but national pro leagues may diverge from its rules, as in the US
Cricket: International Cricket Council (ICC)
Cue sports: World Confederation of Billiards Sports:
- Carom billiards: Union Mondiale de Billard (UMB)
- Pocket billiards (pool): World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA)
- Snooker and English billiards: World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA or World Snooker)
Football variants have many governing bodies, with widely divergent rules:
- Association football (soccer): FIFA
- Gridiron football is divided in into:
  - American football: International Federation of American Football (IFAF) is the world governing body, but U.S. domestic leagues at professional and college levels may diverge from its rules
  - Canadian football: Canadian Football League (CFL)
- Rugby football is divided into two "codes" or sets of rules:
  - Rugby league: International Rugby League (IRL)
  - Rugby union: World Rugby (WR)
- Australian rules football: AFL Commission
- Gaelic football: Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA)
- International-rules football: A conference of the AFL and GAA
Golf: International Golf Federation (IGF)
Ice hockey: International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF)
Motor racing:
- Car racing: International Federation of the Automobile (FIA)
- Motorcycle racing: International Motorcycling Federation (FIM)
- Motorboat racing: International Motonautical Union (UIM) and others, depending on boat type
Tennis: International Tennis Federation (ITF)
Underwater sports
- Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS)

Sociology of sport[edit]

The sociology of sport is a subfield of sociology which aims to study sports through the lens of interactions between different groups and cultures.^[25] The field has also investigated how various gender divides in sports can influence feminist movements.^[26]

Sport psychology[edit]

Sport psychology is the study of how psychological factors can impact engagement in professional and recreational sports, as well as how sports impact an athlete's psychological state.^[27] After becoming popular in the early 20th century, it is now a recognized scientific field which is relevant to many different sports.^[28] Modern sports psychologists often use a combination of goal setting, visualization techniques and preperformance routines to help athletes achieve their goals.^[29]^[30]^[31]

References[edit]

^ Kazakhstan is sometimes considered a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.

^ The state is commonly known as simply "China", which is subsumed by the eponymous entity and civilization (China).

^ Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the PRC.

^ Macau is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the PRC.

^ Under the de facto control of the Republic of China (ROC) government, commonly referred to as Taiwan. Claimed in whole by the PRC; see political status of Taiwan.

^ Russia is a transcontinental country; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.

^ Excludes Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia).

^ General Population Census of Cambodia 2008 - Provisional population totals, National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, released 3 September 2008

^ East Timor is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania.

^ Indonesia is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania

^ Includes Jammu and Kashmir, a contested territory among India, Pakistan, and the PRC.

^ Armenia is sometimes considered a transcontinental country physiographically in Western Asia, it has historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe.

^ Azerbaijan is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only. Figures include Nakhchivan, an autonomous exclave of Azerbaijan bordered by Armenia, Iran, and Turkey.

^ The island of Cyprus is sometimes considered a transcontinental territory in the Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean Sea south of Turkey, it has historical and socio-political connections with Europe. The U.N. considers Cyprus to be in Western Asia, while the C.I.A. considers it to be in the Middle East.

^ Georgia is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for the Asian portion only.

^ Gaza and West Bank, collectively referred to as the "Occupied Palestinian Territory" by the UN, are territories partially occupied by Israel but under de facto administration of the Palestinian National Authority.

^ Turkey is generally considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Southern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only, excluding all of Istanbul.

^ The use and scope of this term varies. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand."

^ Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia.

^ New Zealand is often considered part of Polynesia rather than Australasia.

^ Excludes parts of Indonesia, island territories in Southeast Asia (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region.

^ Indonesia is generally considered a territory of Southeastern Asia (UN region); wholly or partially, it is also frequently included in AustralasiaorMelanesia. Figures include Indonesian portion of New Guinea (Irian Jaya) and Maluku Islands.

^ Papua New Guinea is often considered part of Australasia as well as Melanesia.

^ Excludes the US stateofHawaii, which is distant from the North American landmass in the Pacific Ocean, and Easter Island, a territory of ChileinSouth America.

^ Macri, Kenneth J. (2012). "Not Just a Game: Sport and Society in the United States". Inquiries Journal. 4 (8).

^ Hayhurst, Lyndsay MC (2011-04-01). "Corporatising Sport, Gender and Development: postcolonial IR feminisms, transnational private governance and global corporate social engagement". Third World Quarterly. 32 (3): 531–549. doi:10.1080/01436597.2011.573944. ISSN 0143-6597. S2CID 145619969.

^ Weinberg, Robert Stephen (2011). Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Human Kinetics. ISBN 978-1-4504-0038-1.

^ Fuchs, Alfred H. (1998). "Psychology and "The Babe"". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 34 (2): 153–165. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6696(199821)34:2<153::AID-JHBS3>3.0.CO;2-T. ISSN 1520-6696. PMID 9580977.

^ Vealey, Robin S. (2005). Coaching for the Inner Edge. Fitness Information Technology. ISBN 978-1-885693-59-4.

^ Williams, Jean Marie (2006). Applied Sport Psychology: Personal Growth to Peak Performance. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-284383-5.

^ Ravizza K, Hanson T. (1995). Heads up baseball: Playing the game one pitch at a time. Lincolmwood, IL: Masters Press.

External links[edit]

Definitions from Wiktionary

Media from Commons

News from Wikinews

Quotations from Wikiquote

Texts from Wikisource

Textbooks from Wikibooks

Resources from Wikiversity

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