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(Top) 1 Types of war 1.1 Types of warfare 1.1.1 Warfare by objective 1.1.2 Warfare by strategic doctrine 1.1.3 Warfare by terrain 1.1.4 Warfare by equipment or weapon type 1.1.5 Warfare by era 1.1.6 Warfare by stages 1.1.7 Other 2 History of war 2.1 Warfare by era 2.2 Wars 2.2.1 Wars by death toll 2.2.2 Wars by date 2.2.3 Wars by region 2.2.4 Wars by type of conflict 2.3 Battles 3 Military theory 3.1 Military organization 3.1.1 Operational level of war 3.1.1.1 Military operations 3.1.1.1.1 Types of military operations 3.2 Military strategy 3.2.1 Grand strategy 3.2.2 Military tactics 4 Politics of war 4.1 Philosophy of war 4.2 Laws of war 4.3 Prisoners of war 4.4 Effects of war 5 War and culture 6 War-related media 6.1 War publications 6.2 War films 7 Persons influential in war 7.1 Inventors of Military Technology 7.2 During the Classical Period 7.2.1 Ancient Egypt 7.2.2 Ancient Near East 7.2.3 Ancient Greece 7.2.4 Ancient India 7.2.5 Ancient China and its enemies 7.2.6 Ancient Rome and its enemies 7.2.7 Late Antiquity 7.3 During the Post-classical Period 7.3.1 Early Middle Ages 7.3.2 High Middle Ages 7.3.3 Islamic Golden Age 7.3.4 Medieval India 7.3.5 Medieval China 7.3.6 Medieval Southeast Asia 7.3.7 Mongol Conquests 7.3.8 Hundred Years War 7.4 During the Early Modern Period 7.4.1 Japanese Wars 7.4.2 Islamic Empires 7.4.3 European Colonization of the Americas 7.4.4 Early Modern Europe 7.4.5 Chinese Qing dynasty 7.4.6 American Revolutionary War 7.4.7 Napoleonic Wars 7.5 Modern Period 7.5.1 American Civil War 7.5.2 During World War I 7.5.3 During World War II 7.5.3.1 Political Leaders 7.5.3.2 Commanders 7.5.3.3 Others 8 See also 8.1 War 8.2 Wars 9 References 10 External links

Outline of war

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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to war:

War – organised and often prolonged armed conflict that is carried out by statesornon-state actors – is characterised by extreme violence, social disruption, and economic destruction.^[1]^[2] War should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities, and therefore is defined as a form of political violenceorintervention.^[1]^[3]

Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general.^[4]

Types of war[edit]

Cold war

Police action

Total war

Limited war

World war

Types of warfare[edit]

Warfare by objective[edit]

Warfare by stages[edit]

Other[edit]

Champion warfare

History of war[edit]

Locations of ongoing conflicts worldwide, Update: July 2024

Major wars, 10,000+ deaths in current or past year

Wars, 1,000–9,999 deaths in current or past year

Minor conflicts, 100–999 deaths in current or past year

Skirmishes and clashes, fewer than 100 deaths.

Warfare by era[edit]

See: Warfare by era

Wars[edit]

Wars by death toll[edit]

List of wars by death toll

Wars by date[edit]

List of wars: before 1000

List of wars: 1000–1499

List of wars: 1500–1799

List of wars: 1800–1899

List of wars: 1900–1944

List of wars: 1945–1989

List of wars: 1990–2002

List of wars: 2003–present

List of ongoing armed conflicts

List of conflicts by duration

Wars by region[edit]

List of conflicts in North America
- List of conflicts in the United States

List of conflicts in Central America

List of conflicts in South America

List of conflicts in Europe

List of conflicts in Asia

Conflicts in the Middle East

List of conflicts in the Near East (until 1918)
List of modern conflicts in the Middle East (after 1918)

List of conflicts in Africa

Conflicts in the Horn of Africa (East Africa)
List of modern conflicts in North Africa (Maghreb)
Military history of Africa

Wars by type of conflict[edit]

List of border wars

List of civil wars

List of frozen conflicts

List of guerrilla wars

List of interstate wars since 1945

List of invasions

List of military conflicts spanning multiple wars

List of proxy wars

List of religious wars

List of wars of succession

List of wars between democracies

List of wars of independence

List of wars of national liberation

List of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity

List of world wars

Battles[edit]

Military theory[edit]

Military organization[edit]

Command and control (military)

Doctrine

Military branch

Military education and training

Military engineering

Military intelligence

Military logistics

Military rank

Military technology and equipment

Staff (military)

Operational level of war[edit]

Military operations[edit]

Types of military operations[edit]

Types of military operations, by scope:

Theater – operation over a large, often continental area of operation and represents a strategic national commitment to the conflict such as Operation Barbarossa, with general goals that encompass areas of consideration outside of the military such as the economic and political impacts.
Campaign – subset of the theatre operation, or a more limited geographic and operational strategic commitment such as Battle of Britain, and need not represent total national commitment to a conflict, or have broader goals outside of the military impacts.
Battle – subset of a campaign that will have specific military goals and geographic objectives, as well as clearly defined use of forces such as the Battle of Gallipoli, which operationally was a combined arms operation originally known as the "Dardanelles landings" as part of the Dardanelles Campaign, where about 480,000 Allied troops took part.
Engagement – tactical combat event of contest for specific area or objective by actions of distinct units. For example, the Battle of Kursk, also known from its German designation as Operation Citadel, included many separate engagements, several of which were combined into the Battle of Prokhorovka. The "Battle of Kursk" in addition to describing the initial German offensive operation (or simply an offensive), also included two Soviet counter-offensive operations Operation Kutuzov and Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev.
Strike – single attack, upon a specified target. This often forms part of a broader engagement. Strikes have an explicit goal, such as, rendering facilities inoperable (e.g. airports), to assassinating enemy leaders, or to limit supply to enemy troops.

Military strategy[edit]

Grand strategy[edit]

Military tactics[edit]

Air combat manoeuvring

Defensive fighting position

Politics of war[edit]

Casus belli – Latin expression meaning the justification for acts of war. In theory, present international law allows only three situations as legal cause to go to war: out of self-defense, defense of an ally under a mutual defense pact, or sanctioned by the UN.
Declaration of war
Surrender
- Capitulation an agreement in time of war for the surrender to a hostile armed force of a particular body of troops, a town or a territory.
- Strategic surrender – surrender to avoid a last, chaotic round of fighting that would have the characteristics of a rout, allowing the victor to obtain his objective without paying the costs of a last battle.
- Unconditional surrender – surrender without conditions, except for those provided by international law.
Victory
- Debellatio – when a war ends because of the complete destruction of a belligerent state.
- No quarter – when a victor shows no clemency or mercy and refuses to spare the life of the vanquished when they surrender at discretion. Under the laws of war "... it is especially forbidden ... to declare that no quarter will be given".
- Pyrrhic victory – victory with such a devastating cost that it carries the implication that another such victory will ultimately lead to defeat.
War effort
War economy

Philosophy of war[edit]

Philosophy of war – examines war beyond the typical questions of weaponry and strategy, inquiring into such things as the meaning and etiology of war, the relationship between war and human nature, and the ethics of war.

Militarism – belief that war is not inherently bad but can be a beneficial aspect of society.
Realism – its core proposition is a skepticism as to whether moral concepts such as justice can be applied to the conduct of international affairs. Proponents of realism believe that moral concepts should never prescribe, nor circumscribe, a state's behaviour. Instead, a state should place an emphasis on state security and self-interest. One form of realism – descriptive realism – proposes that states cannot act morally, while another form – prescriptive realism – argues that the motivating factor for a state is self-interest. Just wars that violate Just Wars principles effectively constitute a branch of realism.
Revolution and Civil War – Just War Theory states that a just war must have just authority. To the extent that this is interpreted as a legitimate government, this leaves little room for revolutionary war or civil war, in which an illegitimate entity may declare war for reasons that fit the remaining criteria of Just War Theory. This is less of a problem if the "just authority" is widely interpreted as "the will of the people" or similar. Article 3 of the 1949 Geneva Conventions side-steps this issue by stating that if one of the parties to a civil war is a High Contracting Party (in practice, the state recognised by the international community,) both Parties to the conflict are bound "as a minimum, the following [humanitarian] provisions." Article 4 of the Third Geneva Convention also makes clear that the treatment of prisoners of war is binding on both parties even when captured soldiers have an "allegiance to a government or an authority not recognized by the Detaining Power."
Consequentialism – moral theory most frequently summarized in the words "the end justifies the means," which tends to support the just war theory (unless the just war causes less beneficial means to become necessary, which further requires worst actions for self-defense with bad consequences).
Pacifism – belief that war of any kind is morally unacceptable or pragmatically not worth the cost. Pacifists extend humanitarian concern not just to enemy civilians but also to combatants, especially conscripts. For example, Ben Salmon believed all war to be unjust. He was sentenced to death during World War I (later commuted to 25 years hard labor) for desertion and spreading propaganda.^[5]
Right of self-defence – maintains (based on rational self-interest) that the use of retaliatory force is justified against repressive nations that break the zero aggression principle. In addition, if a free country is itself subject to foreign aggression, it is morally imperative for that nation to defend itself and its citizens by whatever means necessary. Thus, any means to achieve a swift and complete victory over the enemy is imperative. This view is prominently held by Objectivists.^[6]

Laws of war[edit]

Prisoners of war[edit]

Prison camps
- Concentration camp

Internment camp

Labor camp

Death or extermination camp

Prisoner-of-war camp

Prison escape

List of prisoner-of-war escapes

List of notable prisoners of war

Prisoner of war mail

Postal censorship

Effects of war[edit]

Casualties
- Casualty
- Casualty classifications
  - KIA – Killed In Action
    - DOW – Died Of Wounds
  - MIA – Missing In Action
  - WIA – Wounded in action
- Assassination
List of genocides by death toll

War and culture[edit]

- List of war films and TV specials

Wars in popular culture

War as metaphor

War-related media[edit]

War publications[edit]

The Art of War
On War

War films[edit]

List of war films and TV specials – lists movies and shows by the war depicted in them, the sections arranged chronologically

Persons influential in war[edit]

List of military writers

Inventors of Military Technology[edit]

During the Classical Period[edit]

Listed by date of approximate lifetime

Ancient Egypt[edit]

Medieval India[edit]

During the Early Modern Period[edit]

Japanese Wars[edit]

Islamic Empires[edit]

European Colonization of the Americas[edit]

Modern Period[edit]

American Civil War[edit]

During World War I[edit]

During World War II[edit]

This is divided between political Leaders, field commanders and other influential people

Political Leaders[edit]

Commanders[edit]

Others[edit]

Richard Sorge, Russian spy
Sofia Vembo

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b "American Heritage Dictionary: War". Thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 2011-01-24.

^ "Merriam Webster's Dictionary: War". Merriam-Webster. 13 August 2010. Retrieved 2011-01-24.

^ "War". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2017.

^ "Warfare". Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved 1 August 2016.

^ Staff of the Catholic Peace Fellowship (2007). "The Life and Witness of Ben Salmon". Sign of Peace. 6.1 (Spring 2007).

^ "'Just War Theory'" vs. American Self-Defence Archived 2012-12-09 at archive.today, by Yaron Brook and Alex Epstein

Charles Phillips and Alan Axelrod: Encyclopedia of Wars. Facts On File, Inc., 2005, ISBN 0-8160-2851-6. (With about 1,800 wars, this is probably the most complete overview in English language).
R. Ernest Dupuy, Trevor N. Dupuy: The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History. From 3500 B.C. to the Present. 4th Edition, HarperCollins Publishers, 1993, ISBN 978-0062700568. (With about 1,300 wars this is probably the second most complete overview in English language, with the added value to summarize about 4,500 battles).
Vittorio Ferretti: Weltchronik der Kriege und Demozide - Ein Abriss der Ursachen, Abläufe und Folgen von über 5.000 gewalttätig ausgetragenen Konflikten bis zum Jahr 2000. Amazon, 2014, ISBN 978-3000403538. (With over 5,000 conflicts, this German book is by far the most complete overview published in any language until now. Its added value is to include democides into its scope).

External links[edit]

Definitions from Wiktionary

Media from Commons

News from Wikinews

Quotations from Wikiquote

Texts from Wikisource

Textbooks from Wikibooks

Resources from Wikiversity

World History Database Listing of all wars
Newspaper by Martin John Callanan translated into different languages listing all wars
Correlates of War Project
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
Complex Emergency Database (CE-DAT) – A database on the human impact of conflicts and other complex emergencies.
World War I primary source collection
International humanitarian law – International Committee of the Red Cross website
International humanitarian law database – Treaties and States Parties
Customary IHL Database
War zone safety travel guide from Wikivoyage

Wikipedia outlines

General reference

Lists of wars by date

Ongoing armed conflicts

Africa

Central	Allied Democratic Forces insurgency Anglophone Crisis Cabinda War Central African Republic Civil War Insurgency in Chad Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Ituri conflict Western DR Congo clashes Kivu conflict M23 offensive Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
East	ADF insurgency Ethiopian civil conflict Afar–Somali clashes OLA insurgency Oromo conflict War in Amhara Ethnic violence in South Sudan Insurgency in Mozambique Somali Civil War Operation Atalanta
North	Insurgency in Egypt Insurgency in the Maghreb Insurgency in the Sahel Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso Jihadist insurgency in Niger Libyan Crisis Sinai insurgency Sudanese nomadic conflicts Ethnic violence in South Sudan War in Darfur Western Sahara conflict Western Saharan clashes
West	Communal conflicts in Nigeria Boko Haram insurgency Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria Nigerian bandit conflict Religious violence in Nigeria Conflict in the Niger Delta Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria Mali War Azawad conflict Western Togoland Rebellion

Americas

North

South

Asia

East	Korean conflict
Central	Xinjiang conflict
South	Afghan conflict Islamic State–Taliban conflict Republican insurgency Internal conflict in Bangladesh Drugs Insurgency in Northeast India Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir Naxalite–Maoist insurgency Insurgency in Pakistan Insurgency in Sindh Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes Insurgency in Sindh Sectarian violence in Pakistan
South- east	Myanmar conflict Myanmar civil war Kachin conflict Kalay clashes Karen conflict Karen–Mon conflict Conflict in Rakhine State Rohingya conflict Conflicts in the Philippines Communist Drug war Papua conflict South Thailand insurgency
West	Abkhazia conflict Georgian–Ossetian conflict Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency Iraq conflict Islamic State insurgency in Iraq Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict Qatif conflict Yemeni crisis Saudi–led intervention Yemeni Civil war Iran–Israel proxy conflict Gaza–Israel conflict Hezbollah–Israel conflict Iran–Israel conflict in Syria Kurdish separatism in Iran Iran–PJAK conflict Western Iran clashes Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency 2015–present Maoist insurgency in Turkey DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey Syrian civil war Daraa insurgency Desert campaign Inter-rebel conflict Rojava conflict Russian intervention Syrian–Turkish border clashes Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor

Europe

East

West

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