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Paraorthacodus is an extinct genus of shark. It a member of the family Paraorthacodontidae [1] [2] (though it was formerly regarded as a member of the family Palaeospinacidae [3] ), which is either placed in Hexanchiformes [2] or in Synechodontiformes .[1] It is known from over a dozen named species[4] spanning from the Early Jurassic [4] to the Paleocene ,[4] or possibly Eocene .[3] Almost all members of the genus are exclusively known from isolated teeth, with the exception of P. jurensis from the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous of Europe, which is known from full body fossils from the Late Jurassic of Germany,[5] which suggest that juveniles had a robust body with a round head, while adults had large body sizes with a fusiform profile.[1] There was only a single dorsal fin towards the back of the body without a fin spine.[3] The dentition had teeth with a single large central cusp along with shorter lateral cusplets,[3] which where designed for clutching.[1] The teeth are distinguished from those of Synechodus by the lateral cusplets decreasing in size linearly away from the central cusp rather than exponentially as in Synechodus .[3]
Taxonomy [ edit ]
After[3] [4]
Paraorthacodus andersoni (Case, 1978) Late Cretaceous (Santonian and Campanian )
Paraorthacodus antarcticus Klug et al ., 2008 Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
Paraorthacodus clarkii (Eastman, 1901) Paleocene (Thanetian )
Paraorthacodus conicus (Davis, 1890) Late Cretaceous (Coniacian to Campanian)
Paraorthacodus eocaenus (Leriche, 1902) Paleogene (Thanetian to Ypresian according to,[3] exclusively Thanetian according to,[4] considered a synonym of P. clarkii by [6] )
Paraorthacodus jurensis (Schweizer, 1964) Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian )
Paraorthacodus nerviensis (Leriche, 1929) uppermost Cretaceous
Paraorthacodus patagonicus (Ameghino, 1893) Late Cretaceous (Coniacian)
Paraorthacodus recurvus (Trautschold, 1877) Cretaceous (Albian-uppermost Cretaceous)
Paraorthacodus sulcatus (Davis, 1888) Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
Paraorthacodus validus (Chapman, 1918) from the Cretaceous
Paraorthacodus turgaicus Glickman, 1964, Paleocene (Thanetian)
Paraorthacodus helveticus (De Beaumont 1960) Early Jurassic (Sinemurian )
Paraorthacodus arduennae Delsate, 2001) Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian )
Paraorthacodus kruckowi (Thies 1983) Middle Jurassic (Aalenian )
References [ edit ]
^ a b c d Villalobos-Segura, Eduardo; Stumpf, Sebastian; Türtscher, Julia; Jambura, Patrick L.; Begat, Arnaud; López-Romero, Faviel A.; Fischer, Jan; Kriwet, Jürgen (March 2023). "A Synoptic Review of the Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Jurassic Konservat-Lagerstätten of Southern Germany: Taxonomy, Diversity, and Faunal Relationships" . Diversity . 15 (3 ): 386. doi :10.3390/d15030386 . ISSN 1424-2818 . PMC 7614348 . PMID 36950327 .
^ a b Cione, Alberto L.; Santillana, Sergio; Gouiric-Cavalli, Soledad; Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Gelfo, Javier N.; López, Guillermo M.; Reguero, Marcelo (May 2018). "Before and after the K/Pg extinction in West Antarctica: New marine fish records from Marambio (Seymour) Island" . Cretaceous Research . 85 : 250–265. Bibcode :2018CrRes..85..250C . doi :10.1016/j.cretres.2018.01.004 . S2CID 133767014 .
^ a b c d e f g Klug, Stefanie; Kriwet, JüRgen; BöTtcher, Ronald; Schweigert, GüNter; Dietl, Gerd (September 2009). "Skeletal anatomy of the extinct shark Paraorthacodus jurensis (Chondrichthyes; Palaeospinacidae), with comments on synechodontiform and palaeospinacid monophyly" . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 157 (1 ): 107–134. doi :10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00534.x .
^ a b c d e Cappetta, Henri; Morrison, Kurt; Adnet, Sylvain (2021-08-03). "A shark fauna from the Campanian of Hornby Island, British Columbia, Canada: an insight into the diversity of Cretaceous deep-water assemblages" . Historical Biology . 33 (8 ): 1121–1182. Bibcode :2021HBio...33.1121C . doi :10.1080/08912963.2019.1681421 . ISSN 0891-2963 . S2CID 212878837 .
^ Stumpf, Sebastian; Kriwet, Jürgen (December 2019). "A new Pliensbachian elasmobranch (Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes) assemblage from Europe, and its contribution to the understanding of late Early Jurassic elasmobranch diversity and distributional patterns" . PalZ . 93 (4 ): 637–658. Bibcode :2019PalZ...93..637S . doi :10.1007/s12542-019-00451-4 . ISSN 0031-0220 .
^ Rodríguez, Diego; Ward, David John; Quezada, Jorge Andrés (2023-06-07). "Paleontology and stratigraphic implications of a late Paleocene elasmobranch assemblage in Talcahuano, southcentral Chile" . Andean Geology . 50 (2 ): 217. doi :10.5027/andgeoV50n2-3494 . ISSN 0718-7106 . S2CID 259771898 .
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R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraorthacodus&oldid=1229503258 "
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