Pengshui
彭水县
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彭水苗族土家族自治县 Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County | |
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Location of Pengshui County in Chongqing
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| Coordinates: 29°17′39″N 108°09′49″E / 29.29417°N 108.16361°E / 29.29417; 108.16361 | |
| Country | China |
| Municipality | Chongqing |
| County seat | Hanjia Subdistrict |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,903 km2 (1,507 sq mi) |
| Population
(2020 census)[1]
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| • Total | 530,599 |
| • Density | 140/km2 (350/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Website | www |
Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 彭水苗族土家族自治县; traditional Chinese: 彭水苗族土家族自治縣; pinyin: Péngshuǐ Miáozú Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn) is an autonomous county for the Miao and Tujia people located in southeastern Chongqing, China, bordering Guizhou province to the south and southwest and Hubei province to the northeast.[2] It is 270 kilometres (170 mi) away from downtown Chongqing.[citation needed]
The county spans an area of 3,903 square kilometres (1,507 sq mi),[3] and has a population of 545,094 as of 2010.[4] The county's government is located in Hanjia Subdistrict [zh].[2]
During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the region of contemporary Pengshui belonged to the State of Ba.[4] During the Warring States period, the area belonged to the Qianzhong Commandery, which would later be incorporated into Qin dynasty China.[4]
During the Han dynasty, the area would be reorganized as Fuling County (Chinese: 涪陵縣).[4]
Under the Sui dynasty,[4] in 593 CE,[citation needed] the area was organized as Pengshui County (Chinese: 彭水縣).[4] Pengshui means "Peng River",[4] which was the old name for the Yu River.[citation needed] During the Tang dynasty, Pengshui County was put under the administration of Shannan Circuit [zh] and Qianzhong Circuit [zh].[4] Under the Song dynasty, Pengshui was administered by Qian Prefecture [zh].[4] Under the Yuan dynasty, it was administered by Shaoqing Fu [zh].[4] By 1645 during the Qing dynasty, it was part of Chongqing Prefecture (Chinese: 重慶府).[citation needed] In 1913 (Republic of China), it was part of Dongchuan Circuit (Chinese: 東川道).[citation needed] In 1927, it was reassigned to the Changgong Bureau (Chinese: 長公署) of Sichuan Province.[citation needed] And in 1935, of the Eighth Administrative Inspection Area (Chinese: 第八行政督察區) of Sichuan.[citation needed]
On November 16, 1949, Pengshui was captured by the communists. In January[citation needed] 1950, it was put under the jurisdiction of Fuling Prefecture [zh],[4] under the Chuandong administrative territory (Chinese: 川東行署涪陵專區).[citation needed] In September 1952, Fuling Special District was transferred to Sichuan, and was changed to a prefecture in June 1968.[citation needed]
On November 14,[citation needed] 1983 Pengshui was approved as an autonomous county.[4] The official status began November 10 of the following year.[citation needed] In 1987, it was assigned to Qianjiang Prefecture [zh].[4] In June[citation needed] 1997, it fell under the administration of Chongqing, which it remains today.[4]
Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County is located in the Sichuan Basin along the Wu River,[2] in the mountainous region of Wuling.[citation needed] A total of 54.2% of Pengshui is covered by forest.[3] Geographic coordinates: 28°57′ – 29° 51′ North, 107°48′ – 108°36′ East.[citation needed] Altitude of the seat: 245 m (804 ft).[citation needed]
The county is home to three peaks over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level: Qiliangzi (Chinese: 七梁子) at 1,434 metres (4,705 ft), Baila Mountain (Chinese: 白蜡山) at 1,393 metres (4,570 ft), and Fenghuang Mountain (Chinese: 凤凰山) at 1,048 metres (3,438 ft).[2]
Neighbours:[citation needed]
The county's average annual temperature is 17.6 °C (63.7 °F), and the average annual precipitation is 1,235 millimetres (48.6 in).[2]
| Climate data for Pengshui, elevation 322 m (1,056 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.1 (70.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
33.7 (92.7) |
38.4 (101.1) |
36.9 (98.4) |
40.1 (104.2) |
41.8 (107.2) |
42.5 (108.5) |
41.1 (106.0) |
35.7 (96.3) |
28.2 (82.8) |
20.7 (69.3) |
42.5 (108.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
17.6 (63.7) |
23.4 (74.1) |
26.9 (80.4) |
29.9 (85.8) |
33.6 (92.5) |
34.0 (93.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
22.5 (72.5) |
17.3 (63.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
22.4 (72.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
17.9 (64.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
24.6 (76.3) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.5 (81.5) |
23.6 (74.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.7 (47.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) |
6.8 (44.2) |
10.1 (50.2) |
14.6 (58.3) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.5 (70.7) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.7 (74.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
16.0 (60.8) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.8 (44.2) |
14.9 (58.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.9 (30.4) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
0.8 (33.4) |
6.1 (43.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
15.1 (59.2) |
17.6 (63.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
13.8 (56.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 22.8 (0.90) |
30.3 (1.19) |
56.3 (2.22) |
110.0 (4.33) |
188.2 (7.41) |
193.3 (7.61) |
190.0 (7.48) |
144.8 (5.70) |
114.3 (4.50) |
113.3 (4.46) |
59.7 (2.35) |
19.7 (0.78) |
1,242.7 (48.93) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.1 | 11.1 | 14.0 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 15.9 | 13.8 | 13.0 | 12.0 | 16.0 | 12.3 | 10.2 | 161.9 |
| Average snowy days | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78 | 78 | 77 | 78 | 80 | 81 | 78 | 75 | 78 | 83 | 83 | 80 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 27.9 | 29.5 | 54.3 | 77.3 | 88.2 | 86.4 | 139.5 | 148.9 | 90.6 | 55.2 | 45.3 | 31.1 | 874.2 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 9 | 9 | 15 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 33 | 37 | 25 | 16 | 14 | 10 | 19 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[5][6] | |||||||||||||
As of the 2010 Chinese Census, the county had a population 545,094, down from the 590,228 reported in the 2000 Chinese Census.[4] In 1996, the county had an estimated population of 587,000.[4]
59.5% of Pengshui residents are members of the following 11 ethnic minorities: Miao, Tujia, Mongols, Hui, Gelao, Dong, Tibetans, Manchus, Zhuang, Yi, and Hani.[citation needed] There are 270,000 Miao and 90,000 Tujia in Pengshui.[citation needed]
The county administers 3 subdistricts, 18 towns, and 18 townships.[7]
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Mineral deposits in the county include coal, barite, marble, fluorite, and calcite.[2]
The Chongqing–Huaihua railway runs through the county.[2] Major expressways which pass through the county include the G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway and National Highway 319.[2]
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