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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Landform surrounded more than half but not entirely by water
Satellite photos of some of the notable peninsulas on each
continent .
A peninsula [1] is a landform that extends from a mainland and is surrounded by water on most sides.[4] [5] Peninsulas exist on all continents.[6] The largest peninsula in the world is the Arabian Peninsula .
Etymology
[ edit ]
The word peninsula derives from Latin paeninsula , from paene 'almost', and insula 'island'. The word entered English in the 16th century.
Definitions
[ edit ]
A peninsula is generally defined as a piece of land surrounded on most sides by water.[5] [9]
A peninsula may be bordered by more than one body of water, and the body of water does not have to be an ocean or a sea. A piece of land on a very tight river bend or one between two rivers is sometimes said to form a peninsula, for example in the New Barbadoes Neck in New Jersey , United States.[5] A peninsula may be connected to the mainland via an isthmus , for example, in the Isthmus of Corinth which connects to the Peloponnese peninsula.
[ edit ]
Peninsulas can be formed from continental drift , glacial erosion , glacial meltwater , glacial deposition , marine sediment , marine transgressions , volcanoes, divergent boundaries or river sedimentation. More than one factor may play into the formation of a peninsula. For example, in the case of Florida , continental drift, marine sediment, and marine transgressions were all contributing factors to its shape.
Glaciers
[ edit ]
In the case of formation from glaciers (e.g., the Antarctic Peninsula or Cape Cod ), peninsulas can be created due to glacial erosion , meltwater or deposition . If erosion formed the peninsula, softer and harder rocks were present, and since the glacier only erodes softer rock, it formed a basin . This may create peninsulas, and occurred for example in the Keweenaw Peninsula .
In the case of formation from meltwater, melting glaciers deposit sediment and form moraines , which act as dams for the meltwater. This may create bodies of water that surround the land, forming peninsulas.
If deposition formed the peninsula, the peninsula was composed of sedimentary rock , which was created from a large deposit of glacial drift . The hill of drift becomes a peninsula if the hill formed near water but was still connected to the mainland, for example during the formation of Cape Cod about 23,000 years ago.
Others
[ edit ]
In the case of formation from volcanoes, when a volcano erupts magma near water, it may form a peninsula (e.g., the Alaskan Peninsula ). Peninsulas formed from volcanoes are especially common when the volcano erupts near shallow water. Marine sediment may form peninsulas by the creation of limestone . A rift peninsula may form as a result of a divergent boundary in plate tectonics (e.g. the Arabian Peninsula ), while a convergent boundary may also form peninsulas (e.g. Gibraltar or the Indian subcontinent ). Peninsulas can also form due to sedimentation in rivers. When a river carrying sediment flows into an ocean, the sediment is deposited, forming a delta peninsula.
Marine transgressions (changes in sea level) may form peninsulas, but also may affect existing peninsulas. For example, the water level may change, which causes a peninsula to become an island during high water levels. Similarly, wet weather causing higher water levels make peninsulas appear smaller, while dry weather make them appear larger. Sea level rise from global warming will permanently reduce the size of some peninsulas over time.
Uses
[ edit ]
Peninsulas are noted for their use as shelter for humans and Neanderthals . The landform is advantageous because it gives hunting access to both land and sea animals.They can also serve as markers of a nation's borders.
List of the largest peninsulas in the world
[ edit ]
Rank
Peninsula
Continent
Subregion
Part of
Area
Nation(s )
Source
(km 2 )
(sq mi)
1
Arabian Peninsula
Asia
West Asia
Arabia
3,100,000
1,200,000
Iraq (southern region) Jordan (southern region) Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Yemen
[30]
2
Indochinese Peninsula
Asia
Southeast Asia
Mainland Southeast Asia
2,000,000
770,000
Cambodia Laos Malaysia (western region ) Myanmar Thailand Vietnam
[31]
3
Deccan Peninsula
Asia
South Asia
Indian Subcontinent
1,900,000
730,000
India (southern region )
[32]
4
Labrador Peninsula
North America
Northern America
–
1,400,000
540,000
Canada (eastern region )
[33]
5
Anatolian Peninsula
Asia
West Asia
Asia Minor
755,688
291,773
Turkey (Asian part )
[34]
6
Scandinavian Peninsula
Europe
Northern Europe
Fennoscandia
750,000
290,000
Finland (northern region) Norway Sweden
[35]
Somali Peninsula
Africa
East Africa
Horn of Africa
750,000
290,000
Ethiopia (eastern region) Somalia
[36]
8
Balkan Peninsula
Europe
Southern Europe
South-eastern Europe
666,700
257,400
Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia (southern mainland ) Greece (mainland ) Kosovo Montenegro North Macedonia Romania (coastal region ) Serbia (central region ) Slovenia (south-western region ) Turkey (European part )
[37]
9
Iberian Peninsula
Europe
Southern Europe
South-western Europe
583,256
225,196
Andorra France (French Cerdagne ) Gibraltar (United Kingdom ) Portugal (mainland ) Spain (mainland )
[38]
10
Antarctic Peninsula
Antarctica
West Antarctica
–
522,000
202,000
–
[39]
11
Taymyr Peninsula
Asia
North Asia
North Siberian Lowland
400,000
150,000
Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai )
[40]
12
Kamchatka Peninsula
Asia
North Asia
Russian Far East
370,000
140,000
Russia (Kamchatka Krai )
[41]
See also
[ edit ]
References
[ edit ]
^ "Definition of peninsula" . Cambridge Dictionaries Online . Cambridge University Press . Retrieved 1 May 2016 .
^ a b c Kersey, Paul (23 July 2021). "What is a Peninsula?" . Infoplease . Retrieved 2022-04-30 .
^ "peninsula" . National Geographic Society . 2011-01-21. Retrieved 2022-04-30 .
^ "list of peninsulas" . Britannica . Retrieved 2022-04-30 .
^ Encyclopædia Britannica : "Arabia" .
^ Tsvetkov, Kaloyan; Traykov, Tony (July 2023). "Polytheistic and Syncretic Religious Beliefs in Southeast Asia - Nature, Features, and Geographical Distribution" . ResearchGate . Archived from the original on Jan 8, 2024.
^ "Explore India - Mineral Scenario of the States of India" (PDF) . Government of India - Ministry of Mines. Jan 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on Mar 14, 2024.
^ Misachi, John (2021-09-01). "Labrador Peninsula" . WorldAtlas . Archived from the original on Jan 8, 2024.
^ Seferoglu, S. Sadi. "Turkey at a Glance - Geography" . Türkiye on the Web . Archived from the original on Jan 8, 2024.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica : "Scandinavian Peninsula" .
^ Article bay (Jan 17, 2023). "Africa's largest peninsula has always been on the target of world powers. Where is it actually located?" . Medium . Archived from the original on 27 Mar 2024.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica : "Balkans" .
^ Misachi, John (2021-02-11). "Iberian Peninsula" . WorldAtlas . Archived from the original on Jan 8, 2024.
^ Davies, Bethan (2020-06-22). "Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet" . AntarcticGlaciers.org . Archived from the original on Nov 28, 2022.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica : "Taymyr Peninsula" .
^ Encyclopædia Britannica : "Kamchatka Peninsula" .
Bibliography
[ edit ]
Mis, Melody S. (2009). Exploring peninsulas (1st ed.). New York: PowerKids Press. ISBN 978-1-4358-2711-0 . OCLC 230802567 .
Nadeau, Isaac (2006). Peninsulas (1st ed.). New York: Rosen Pub. Group's PowerKids Press. ISBN 1-4042-3125-0 . OCLC 57068647 .
Niz, Ellen Sturm (2006). Peninsulas . Mankato, Minn.: Capstone Press. ISBN 0-7368-4308-6 . OCLC 57366483 .
Word Histories and Mysteries: From Abracadabra to Zeus . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2004. ISBN 978-0547350271 . OCLC 55746553 .
Wyckoff, Jerome (1999). Reading the earth : landforms in the making . Mahwah, NJ: Adastra West, Inc. ISBN 0-9674075-0-8 . OCLC 43274886 .
External links
[ edit ]
The dictionary definition of peninsula at Wiktionary
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peninsula&oldid=1231507669 "
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