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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Unit for parts per thousand
The phrase per mille (from Latin per mīlle 'in each thousand')[1] indicates parts per thousand .[2] The associated symbol is ‰ , similar to a per cent sign % but with an extra zero in the divisor .
Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling,[1] [2] [3] giving other options of per mil ,[2] per mill ,[1] [3] permil ,[1] [4] permill ,[1] permille .[5] [6]
The word promille is the cognate in Dutch, German, Finnish and Swedish, and is sometimes seen as a loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille .[7] [4]
Computer systems
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The code point for the glyph is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode characters : U+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN .[5] It may be typed using Alt +0 1 3 7 , Compose % o ,[a] Ctrl +⇧ Shift +u 2 0 3 0 , or ⌥ Option +⇧ Shift +r according to operating system .
Examples
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Blood alcohol concentration
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Promille and permille are likely best known as shorthand terms for Blood Alcohol Concentration , where 1 promille corresponds to 1 gram of alcohol per liter of blood.[9] Promille is used in the legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰.[10]
Cost per mille
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Sales and marketing
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Cost per mille (CPM), the price of 1000 units, may be used for views of banner and display advertising, and for emails delivered by email service providers .
Insurance
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In UK insurance usage, the cost per mille is the rate per £1000 of insured value.[11] In India, the premium per mille is the rate expressed as thousandths of the sum assured.[12]
Gradients
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A tram and gradient sign in Gdańsk, Poland . The 50‰ grade is equivalent to 50 m/km or 5%.
Gradients (in some countries in Europe ) may be expressed as mm/m or m/km, and written with the per mille symbol.[13] [14]
Isotope ratios
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Per mille may be used to express stable-isotope ratios—for example: "δ13 C was measured at −3.5‰"
Taxation
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Charity fraction
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In Italy, it is possible to nominate a charity or charities to receive "five per mille" (5 ‰) of personal taxation payments.[15]
Property tax
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Property taxation rates may be expressed as the millage rate (U.S. ) or mill rate (Canada ), from mill (currency) , one thousandth of a dollar.
Quantile
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Permille may also be used to express a 1000-quantile ("999th permille"),[16] [17] but this usage is rare and largely obsolete. Modern publications instead use fractional percentiles ("99.9th percentile").[18]
Salinity
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Seawater salinity is often expressed per mille. Average marine salinity is about 35 parts per thousand or 35‰ (3.5%).[19]
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Visualisation of 1%, 1‰, 1‱, 1 pcm and 1 ppm as fractions of the large block (larger version)
See also
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Notes
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^ The sequence the percent key (%) is followed by lower case letter o and not, as might be expected, by digit 0.[8]
References
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^ a b c "per mille" . Cambridge Dictionary . Business English. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . Retrieved 2020-06-08 . per mille adverb (also per mil )
^ a b "per mill" . Oxford Dictionaries: The American Dictionary . Archived from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved 2014-08-01 .
^ a b Heinz Gamsjäger; John W. Lorimer; Pirketta Scharlin; David G. Shaw (2008). "Glossary of terms related to solubility" . Pure Appl. Chem . 80 (2 ): 233–276. doi :10.1351/pac200880020233 . (Page 258)
^ a b Unicode. "General Punctuation ". 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014.
^ "per mille" . Longman Business Dictionary . Retrieved 2020-07-01 .
^ "Promille in English" . Cambridge German – English Dictionary . Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 24 September 2023 .
^ Monniaux, David. "UTF-8 (Unicode) compose sequence" . Retrieved 2015-07-15 .
^ "Promille vs BAC: the difference and how much promille is 1 BAC" . AlcoSafe . Retrieved 24 September 2023 .
^ "Blood alcohol level (BAL)" . Health Research Board (Ireland).
^ Jonathan Law; John Smullen (eds.). "Per mille" . A Dictionary of Finance and Banking (4 ed.).
^ "Avoidable loss due to imprudent underwriting of Group Personal Accident Policy" (PDF) . Comptroller and Auditor General of India. March 2019.
^ Michael W. Sayers; Thomas D. Gillespie; William D.O. Paterson (January 1986). "Directives pour la mesure de l'uni des routes et l'étalonnage des appareils" (PDF) (in French). World Bank . p. 2. L'indice IRI est une mesure de l'uni des routes standardisée, apparentée aux mesures obtenues à l'aide des appareils de type-réponse. Les unités recommandées sont : les mètres par kilomètres (m/km) =millimètres par mètres (mm/m) = pente x 1000.
^ ZEMBA, Baowendzooda Joël (July 2015). "ETUDE D'AVANT-PROJET DETAILLE DE L'AMENAGEMENT D'UN PERIMETRE IRRIGUE DE 100 HA À BAGRE EN RIVE DROITE DU NAKANBE (BURKINA FASO)" (in French). p. 37. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Pente longitudinale i (m/km ou ‰): 0.4
^ "Five per thousand—how does it work and how is it calculated?" . N26 (bank). 22 June 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2023 .
^ Walker, Helen Mary; Lev, Joseph (1969). Elementary Statistical Methods . Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 978-0-03-081130-2 .
^ Valentijn, Floris Arnold (21 September 2022). Senescent cell accumulation & Research-based undergraduate education (Thesis). Utrecht University. doi :10.33540/1121 .
^ Knoppert, Sebastiaan N; Keijzer‐Veen, Mandy G; Valentijn, Floris A; van den Heuvel‐Eibrink, Marry M; Lilien, Marc R; van den Berg, Gerrit; Haveman, Lianne M; Stokman, Marijn F; Janssens, Geert O; van Kempen, Sven; Broekhuizen, Roel; Goldschmeding, Roel; Nguyen, Tri Q (December 2023). "Cellular senescence in kidney biopsies is associated with tubular dysfunction and predicts CKD progression in childhood cancer patients with karyomegalic interstitial nephropathy" . The Journal of Pathology . 261 (4 ): 455–464. doi :10.1002/path.6202 .
^ "Per mille" . Glossary of Meteorology . American Meteorological Society. 2022.
External links
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Media related to Per mille at Wikimedia Commons
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Per_mille&oldid=1220997223 "
C a t e g o r i e s :
● 1 0 0 0 ( n u m b e r )
● T y p o g r a p h i c a l s y m b o l s
H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s :
● C S 1 F r e n c h - l a n g u a g e s o u r c e s ( fr )
● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n
● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n m a t c h e s W i k i d a t a
● U s e B r i t i s h E n g l i s h f r o m J u n e 2 0 2 0
● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g G e r m a n - l a n g u a g e t e x t
● C o m m o n s c a t e g o r y l i n k f r o m W i k i d a t a
● A r t i c l e s w i t h G N D i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 7 A p r i l 2 0 2 4 , a t 0 6 : 0 7 ( U T C ) .
● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n .
● P r i v a c y p o l i c y
● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a
● D i s c l a i m e r s
● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a
● C o d e o f C o n d u c t
● D e v e l o p e r s
● S t a t i s t i c s
● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t
● M o b i l e v i e w