The superorder Peracarida is a large group of malacostracancrustaceans, having members in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. They are chiefly defined by the presence of a brood pouch, or marsupium, formed from thin flattened plates (oostegites) borne on the basalmost segments of the legs.[2] Peracarida is one of the largest crustacean taxa and includes about 12,000 species. Most members are less than 2 cm (0.8 in) in length,[3] but the largest is probably the giant isopod (Bathynomus giganteus) which can reach 76 cm (30 in). The earliest known perecaridian was Oxyuropoda ligioides, a fossil of which has been found dating to the Late Devonian (more than 360 mya) of Ireland.[4]
General bauplan of a peracarid mandibula: 1. Molar process; 2. Spine row; 3. Lacinia mobilis; 4. Incisor process; 5. Palp
The most obvious characteristic of the group is the marsupium in females. This brood pouch is enclosed by the large, flexible oostergites, bristly flaps which extend from the basal segments of the thoracic appendages, which form the floor of a chamber roofed by the animal's sternum. This chamber is where the eggs are brooded, development being direct in most cases.[3] Other characteristics include the possession of a single pair of maxillipeds (rarely 2–3), of mandibles with an articulated accessory process between the molar and incisor teeth in the adults (called the lacinia mobilis), and of a carapace which is often reduced in size and is not fused with the posterior thoracic somites.[5] In some orders, the young hatch at a post-larval, prejuvenile stage called a manca which lacks the last pair of legs.[5] In the underground order Thermosbaenacea, there are no oostergites and the carapace of the female is expanded to form a dorsal marsupium.[3]
There is some disagreement as to which orders should be included within Peracarida. The World Register of Marine Species WoRMS (2023) includes the following 12 orders:[6]
Of these Bochusacea, Ingolfiellida and Stygiomysida have been added since the classification of Martin & Davies (2001).[7] Ruppert et al. (2004) excluded Thermosbaenacea and placed it in a separate order, Pancarida. They also still kept Lophogastrida, Mysida and Pygocephalomorpha in a single order Mysidacea,[3] an arrangement that was disputed by Meland and Willassen (2007) since molecular data shows that the three orders are not closely related.[8]
Data related to Peracarida at Wikispecies
