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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs ) are a class of organofluorine compound . Some types are synthetic liquid lubricants that have been used in the aerospace industry for over 30 years.[1] K ) and 257 °C (530 K ) (depending on specific composites), having very low outgassing compared to other fluids (vapour pressure of 6 × 10 −8 Torr [2]
Perfluoropolyethers consists of a polymer chain in which monomers consisting of perfluoro -alkyl groups are joined by ether linkages. The bonds between carbon and oxygen or fluorine are strong.[3] PFAS .[4]
The thermal and chemical stability of PFPEs along with a vapor–liquid equilibrium of 230 °C when mixed with the right composites make it a suitable candidate for vapor phase soldering technologies.[5]
History [ edit ]
Perfluoropolyethers were developed in the early 1960s for the USAF , who needed a lubricant that would not react with liquid or gaseous oxygen (O 2 [6]
Manufacture [ edit ]
Each type of perfluoropolyether is synthesized differently: PFPE-K is obtained from HFPO by anionic polymerization . For PFPE-Y and PFBE-Z, photooxidation of hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene , respectively, is applied. PFPE-D is synthesized by anionic ring-opening polymerization of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorooxetane . PFPE-A is obtained by an initial esterification of polyethylene glycol with a perfluoroacyl fluoride. Then, it is converted into a fully fluorined polymer using direct fluorination.[3] [7]
Structural formulas of different types
PFPE-K
PFPE-Y
PFPE-Z
PFPE-D
PFPE-A
Properties [ edit ]
PFPEs are chemically inert to many acids and oxidants (like fuming sulfuric acid (oleum, SO 3 chlorine gas , oxygen ) and solvents, etc.
PFPEs are non-toxic under normal conditions, nonflammable, and exhibit unusually high load carry capabilities.[6] [8] : 275 [6]
Electrical resistivity is 1014 [6]
Applications [ edit ]
Generally, PFPEs may be used as lubricant in all sorts of bearing, plug valves , gaskets, chains, and joint bearing applications, where oxygen inertness of a material is a requirement.[6] [8] airspace , deep space or high vacuum and at cryogenic temperatures.[6]
PFPEs may be used in mold release agent for plastic injection molding .[6]
As top coating lubricant on computer disc drives and Scanning Electron Microscope[6] [8] : 275
As anti-galling compounds.[6]
As fluid medium in ferrofluidic seals .[6]
Semiconductor industry [ edit ]
In the semiconductor industry, PFPEs may be used as a vacuum grease or in plasma etching equipment, or for robots used in semiconductor wafer handling, clean rooms, and other commercial environments.[6]
See also [ edit ]
Krytox , a PFPE-based lubricant
References [ edit ]
^ a b Fluorochemie. "Brief Introduction of PFPE Synthesis Methods" . Fuzhou Topda New Material Co., Ltd. Retrieved June 27, 2022 .
^ Kwiatkowski, Carol F.; Andrews, David Q.; Birnbaum, Linda S.; Bruton, Thomas A.; DeWitt, Jamie C.; Knappe, Detlef R. U.; Maffini, Maricel V.; Miller, Mark F.; Pelch, Katherine E.; Reade, Anna; Soehl, Anna; Trier, Xenia; Venier, Marta; Wagner, Charlotte C.; Wang, Zhanyun; Blum, Arlene (11 August 2020). "Scientific Basis for Managing PFAS as a Chemical Class" . Environmental Science & Technology Letters . 7 8 ): 532–543. doi :10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00255 hdl :20.500.11850/438999
^ "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-02-27. Retrieved 2020-08-23 .{{cite web }}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b c d e f g h i j k "HUSKEY Specialty lubricants" (PDF) . HUSK-ITT Corporation.
^ Synthesis Report on Understanding Perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) and Their Life Cycle (PDF) . OECD. 2024.
^ a b c Ash, Michael (2004). Handbook of green chemicals ISBN 978-1-934764-29-9 OCLC 747426845 .
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perfluoropolyether&oldid=1227962282 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● L u b r i c a n t s ● P e r f l u o r o p o l y e t h e r s H i d d e n c a t e g o r y : ● C S 1 m a i n t : a r c h i v e d c o p y a s t i t l e
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 8 J u n e 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 8 : 5 1 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
