Peter Douglas Ward (born May 12, 1949[3]) is an American paleontologist and professor at the University of Washington, Seattle, and Sprigg Institute of Geobiology at the University of Adelaide. He has written numerous popular science works for a general audience and is also an adviser to the Microbes Mind Forum.[4] In 2000, along with his co-author Donald E. Brownlee, he co-originated the term Rare Earth[1] and developed the Medea hypothesis alleging that multicellular life is ultimately self-destructive.[5]
His book The End of Evolution was published in 1994. In it, he discussed in three parts, each about an extinction event on earth. This book was rewritten and published in 2000 as Rivers in Time.
Ward is co-author, along with astronomer Donald Brownlee, of the best-selling Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe, published in 2000, thereby co-originating the term Rare Earth.[1] In that work, the authors suggest that the universe is fundamentally hostile to advanced life, and that, while simple life might be abundant, the likelihood of widespread lifeforms as advanced as those on Earth is marginal. In 2001, his book Future Evolution was published, featuring illustrations by artist Alexis Rockman.[6][7]
Ward and Brownlee are also co-authors of the book The Life and Death of Planet Earth, which discusses the Earth's future and eventual demise as it is ultimately destroyed by a warming and expanding Sun. The book picks up where Rare Earth leaves off, this time talking about how and why the Earth and its ability to support complex and especially intelligent life is actually not just rare in space, but also in time. See also Future of the Earth.
According to Ward's 2007 book, Under a Green Sky: Global Warming, the Mass Extinctions of the Past, and What They Can Tell Us About Our Future,[8] all but one of the major mass extinction events in history have been brought on by climate change. The author argues that events in the past can give valuable information about the future of our planet. Reviewer Doug Brown goes further, stating "this is how the world ends." Scientists at the Universities of York and Leeds also warn that the fossil record supports evidence of impending mass extinction. Recently, Ward has slowly started to shift his interest toward climate change because of his experiences with studying mass extinctions, as well as justifying why intelligent life, including humanity, is especially even rarer than complex life in general in terms of both space and time, as intelligent life only lasts for just a few thousand years before finally collapsing and going extinct, as seen in the book The Flooded Earth: Our Future in a World Without Ice Caps, which documents the effects of ongoing and future man-made climate change. However, in 2014, Ward returned to his roots as a paleontologist with his book A New History of Life, co-authored with Joe Kirschvink, and in his 2018 book, Lamarck's Revenge.
Ward is the father of indie musician and producer Nick Ward of the Seattle band Hey Marseilles.
Peter Ward was featured in the PBS's Evolution series (2001) to discuss the evidence for evolution in the geologic record and has appeared on NOVA scienceNOW.
He was also one of the scientists on Animal Planet's Animal Armageddon(2009). Ward is also a guest on Coast to Coast AM, a radio program that mostly specializes on paranormal activity and other unexplained phenomena.[11]
In Search of Nautilus: Three Centuries of Scientific Adventures in the Deep Pacific to Capture a Prehistoric, Living Fossil (1988) ISBN978-0-671-61951-0 OCLC 17840660
On Methuselah's Trail: Living Fossils and the Great Extinctions (1992) ISBN978-0-7167-2488-9
The Call of Distant Mammoths: Why the Ice Age Mammals Disappeared (1997) ISBN978-0-387-98572-5
Rivers in Time: the Search for Clues to Earth's Mass Extinctions (2000) ISBN978-0-231-11862-0
Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe with Donald Brownlee (2000) ISBN978-0-387-95289-5
Future Evolution: An Illuminated History of Life to Come (2001) ISBN978-0-7167-3496-3
The Life and Death of Planet Earth: How the New Science of Astrobiology Charts the Ultimate Fate of Our World with Donald Brownlee (2003) ISBN978-0-8050-7512-0
Gorgon: Obsession, Paleontology, and the Greatest Catastrophe in Earth's History (2004) ISBN978-0-670-03094-1
Life as We Do Not Know It: The NASA Search for (and Synthesis of) Alien Life (2005) ISBN0-670-03458-4
Out of Thin Air: Dinosaurs, Birds, and Earth's Ancient Atmosphere (2006) ISBN0-309-10061-5
Under a Green Sky: Global Warming, the Mass Extinctions of the Past, and What They Can Tell Us About Our Future (2007) ISBN978-0-06-113791-4
The Medea Hypothesis: Is Life on Earth Ultimately Self-Destructive? (2009) ISBN0-691-13075-2
The Flooded Earth: Our Future In a World Without Ice Caps (2010) ISBN978-0-465-00949-7
A New History of Life: The radical new discoveries about the origins and evolution of life on Earth with Joe Kirschvink (2015) ISBN978-1608199075
Lamarck's Revenge: How Epigenetics Is Revolutionizing Our Evolution's Past and Present (2018) ISBN9781632866172
^ abcMatt Williams (29 July 2020). "Beyond "Fermi's Paradox" IV: What is the Rare Earth Hypothesis?". Universe Today. Retrieved 6 June 2021. Origins: The term "Rare Earth" takes its name from the book Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe (2000), by Peter Ward and Donald E. Brownlee ... As the authors describe it, the Rare Earth argument comes down to two central hypotheses ... making Earth a very special place
^ abcDietrich, William (2005-12-09). "Prophet, Populist, Poet of Science". Pacific Northwest Magazine. Retrieved 26 October 2010. After initially doubting that a comet killed the dinosaurs and allowing that an impact might have ended the Permian age, he reconsidered both stands — coming up with a non-comet ending to the Permian and then producing some of the clearest fossil-record evidence (the extinction of a marine creature called an ammonite) to prove the dinosaur calamity actually happened.
^"Peter Ward"(PDF). Save the Nautilus. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
^Ward, Peter Douglas (2007). Under a Green Sky: Global Warming, the Mass Extinctions of the Past, and What They Can Tell Us About Our Future. New York: Smithsonian Books/Collins. OCLC224875122.