The name is patronymic in origin, derived from the personal name Petr/Piotr, meaning "Petr's village".[2] Petrovice was renamed Petrovice u Karviné after the extension of the municipality in 1952.[3]
Petrovice u Karviné is located about 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Karviná and 17 km (11 mi) northeast of Ostrava, on the border with Poland. It lies in the Ostrava Basin in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. The Petrůvka River flows through the municipality and forms a part of the Czech-Polish border. It enters the Olza in Závada. The Szotkówka Stream originates in Prstná. There are several fishonds in the municipality.
The first written mention of Petrovice is from 1335, when it was mentioned as a seat of a Catholic parish in an incomplete register of Peter's Pence payment as villa Petri. The oldest part of the municipality is Dolní Marklovice, which was first mentioned in Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305. Politically, the area belonged initially to the Duchy of Cieszyn, established during the fragmentation of Poland into smaller duchies.[4][5] Petrovice was again mentioned in the register of Peter's Pence payment from 1447 among the 50 parishes of Cieszyn deaneryasPetirsdorff.[6] It remained ruled by the Piast dynasty until 1653.
After the 1540s Protestant Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Cieszyn and a local Catholic church was taken over by Lutherans. It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings in the region) by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 14 April 1654.[7]
According to the censuses conducted in 1880–1910 the population of the municipality grew from 1,022 in 1880 to 1,444 in 1910. In terms of the language the majority were Polish-speakers (at least 82.8% in 1880, at most 91.3% in 1900), accompanied by German-speakers (at least 6.7% in 1900, at most 15% in 1880) and Czech-speakers (at most 2.6% in 1910). In terms of religion, in 1910 the majority were Roman Catholics (1,410 or 97.6%), followed by Protestants (20 or 1.4%) and Jews (14 or 1%).[8]
Petrovice u Karviné is the terminus and start of a railway line from/to Ostrava.[16] The municipality is the site of a railway border crossing to Zebrzydowice in Poland. There are also three road border crossings and two pedestrian border crossings.
The parish Church of Saint Martin dates from 1789. It replaced an old wooden church.[18]
The wooden Church of the Assumption of the Lord in Dolní Marklovice is a timbered church from 1739 with a conical gable tower. It is part of an exceptional group of Silesian wooden churches. In the interior there is a unique decorative painting from the mid-18th century.[19]
Petrovice Castle is an Empire manor house, built after 1796. It was built in the middle on an English park. Today it is a hotel.[20]
^Mrózek, Robert (1984). Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego [Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia] (in Polish). Katowice: University of Silesia in Katowice. pp. 138, 246. ISSN0208-6336.
^ ab"O obci" (in Czech). Obec Petrovice u Karviné. Retrieved 2022-02-24.
^Broda, Jan (1992). "Materiały do dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI i XVII wieku". Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim (in Polish). Katowice: Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski „Didache“. pp. 259–260. ISBN83-85572-00-7.
Czech Republic
Godów, Poland
