Detail of Paul Day's 2007 sculpture The Meeting Place, showing a woman looking at her mobile phone while in an embrace
Phubbing is the habit of snubbing a physically present person in favour of a mobile phone. In May 2012, as part of a linguistic experiment by Macquarie Dictionary, the advertising agency behind the campaign, McCann, had invited a number of lexicographers, authors, and poets to coin a neologism to describe the behaviour. The word "phubbing," a portmanteauofphone and snubbing, was first described by McCann Group Account Director Adrian Mills, who was working with David Astle.[1]
The term has appeared in media around the world and was popularized by the Stop Phubbing campaign created by McCann.[2]
The Stop Phubbing campaign site, and related Facebook page, was part of an elaborate public relations effort designed to promote the Macquarie DictionaryofAustralia.[3] In the media, the website was originally credited by an Australian university student named Alex Haigh, who had been interning at McCann and was subsequently hired.[4] A film, titled A Word is Born, describes the entire process and serves as an advertisement for the dictionary.[5]
The campaign was picked up by numerous media outlets, notably those in the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Germany. The press reported on surveys showing statistics of the number of the people "phubbing," and published etiquette guides.[6][7]
Research has shown that phubbing behavior can have implications on social interactions, affecting fundamental human needs and reducing affect, potentially leading to negative communication outcomes. The widespread use of smartphones in daily life has prompted social scientists to investigate its impact on social interactions.[8]
In October 2015, media outlets (such as Today[9] and Digital Trends[10]) reported on a study by James A. Roberts, professor of marketing at Baylor University Hankamer School of Business, that was published in the journal Computers In Human Behavior. The study consisted of two separate surveys of more than 450 U.S. adults to learn the relational effects of "phubbing" or partner phubbing. The survey found that 46.3 percent of respondents said their partners phubbed them, and 22.6 percent said it caused issues in their relationship.[9] In an interview with Yahoo! Health, Roberts said, "We found that the ones that reported higher partner phubbing fought more with their partner and were less satisfied with their relationship than those who reported less phubbing."[10] Another study, published in 2022, found that people who reported being phubbed by their partner tended to have reduced romantic relationship quality.[11]
Phubbing has become a normalized occurrence in social interactions and is associated with certain consequences. These include potentially poorer conversation quality and weaker interpersonal connections. Research has also indicated that phubbing behavior is linked to depression. Future research aims to explore the drivers of phubbing behavior and to develop strategies for addressing it.[12]
Phubbing has also been linked to type of problematic social media use, as well as pathological internet use.[13][14] This research suggests that phubbing may be a coping mechanism to help people to deal with their negative emotional states,[13][15] hence making phubbing addictive in nature, and damaging based on repeated and sustained use.[16] Phubbing has also been studied in relation to personality traits. Conscientiousness and neuroticism have been found to play a significant role in predicting phubbing behavior. Those with conscientious traits are less likely to display phubbing behavior, while individuals with neurotic traits are more likely to do so. The research suggests relationships between personality traits and phubbing.[17]
^Davis RA (March 2001). "A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use". Computers in Human Behavior. 17 (2): 187–195. doi:10.1016/S0747-5632(00)00041-8.
^Brailovskaia J, Margraf J, Köllner V (March 2019). "Addicted to Facebook? Relationship between Facebook Addiction Disorder, duration of Facebook use and narcissism in an inpatient sample". Psychiatry Research. 273: 52–57. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.016. PMID30639564. S2CID58618101.
