| Developer | Xerox PARC |
|---|---|
| Written in | Mesa |
| Working state | Historic |
| Initial release | 1981; 43 years ago (1981) |
| Available in | English |
| Platforms | Xerox Star workstations |
| Default user interface | Graphical user interface |
Pilot is a single-user, multitasking operating system designed by Xerox PARC in early 1977. Pilot was written in the Mesa programming language, totalling about 24,000 lines of code.[1]
Pilot was designed as a single user system in a highly networked environment of other Pilot systems, with interfaces designed for inter-process communication (IPC) across the network via the Pilot stream interface. Pilot combined virtual memory and file storage into one subsystem, and used the manager/kernel architecture for managing the system and its resources.
Its designers considered a non-preemptive multitasking model, but later chose a preemptive (run until blocked) system based on monitors.[1] Pilot included a debugger, Co-Pilot, that could debug a frozen snapshot of the operating system, written to disk.
A typical Pilot workstation ran 3 operating systems at once on 3 different disk volumes : Co-Co-Pilot (a backup debugger in case the main operating system crashed), Co-Pilot (the main operating system, running under co-pilot and used to compile and bind programs) and an inferior copy of Pilot running in a third disk volume, that could be booted to run test programs (that might crash the main development environment).
The debugger was written to read and write variables for a program stored on a separate disk volume.
This architecture was unique because it allowed the developer to single-step even operating system code with semaphore locks, stored on an inferior disk volume. However, as the memory and source code of the D-series Xerox processors grew, the time to checkpoint and restore the operating system (known as a "world swap") grew very high. It could take 60-120 seconds to run just one line of code in the inferior operating system environment.
Eventually, a co-resident debugger was developed to take the place of Co-Pilot.[2]
Pilot was used as the operating system for the Xerox Star workstation.
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