Plasmodium chabaudi is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Vinckeia. As in all Plasmodium species, P. chabaudi has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are rodents.[1]
While it is difficult to study P. chabaudi in its natural host given the difficulty of taming the thicket rat, it has been studied extensively in laboratory mice, largely using the clone P. chabaudi chabaudi (AS). The pathology resembles that of human malaria in that animals are susceptible to parasite growth and pathology such as anemia, hypoglycemia, changes in body temperature, weight loss, and occasional death. The other cloned strains vary in growth rates and virulence.[5] One unique feature of this species is its prolonged course of infection. While it seems to persist for years in the thicket rat, P. chabaudi (AS) lasts up to three months in BALB/c or C57Bl/6 mice [6]P. falciparum has been observed to persist for up to a year,[7] and even in conditions of drought when there are no new infections.[8] Other species that are used to model human infection do not have this property. The other unique properties of this parasite are that it is synchronous, as first described for malaria by Galen, and that it prefers to infect normocytes, similar to P. falciparum, the most virulent human parasite, while several of the other rodent parasites have a preference for immature red blood cells, or reticulocytes, which they share with P. vivax.
InAnopheles stephensi the parasite synchronizes its circadian and diurnal rhythms with the host's.[9] Schneider et al., 2018 finds P. chabaudiisselected to take advantage of the cycles of feeding and lowered immunity of the mosquito.[9] They did not find any evidence for such a pattern in Mus musculus, testing for migration to peripheral vessels and finding none.[9] This parasite/mosquito synchronization is believed to hold for malaria parasites in general.[9]
There is usually a high female-to-male ratioinmature infections but this inhibits transmission at low densities due to lack of any male partner at the beginning of a new infection.[11][12][13] Therefore Reece et al., 2008 find P. chabaudi will bias toward a more even ratio at lower densities and when several clonal lineages are competing with each other in the same host.[11][12][13] This is believed to generalize beyond this species, to all Plasmodium.[11][12][13]
^Landau I, Killick-Kendrick R (1966). "Rodent plasmodia of the République Centrafricaine: the sporogony and tissue stages of Plasmodium chabaudi and P. berghei yoelii". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 60 (5): 633–49. doi:10.1016/0035-9203(66)90010-1. PMID4163669.
^Characteristics (Oct 1998). "Plasmodium falciparum parasites that survive the lengthy dry season in eastern Sudan where malaria transmission is markedly seasonal. Babiker HA, Abdel-Muhsin AM, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Satti G, Walliker D". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 59 (4): 582–90. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.582. PMID9790434. S2CID25489689.