Portal:Malaysia

Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of 13 states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia, as well as a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital, the country's largest city, and the seat of the legislative branch of the federal government. Putrajaya is the administrative centre, which represents the seat of both the executive branch (the Cabinet, federal ministries, and federal agencies) and the judicial branch of the federal government. With a population of over 34 million, the country is the world's 43rd-most populous country. Malaysia is tropical and is one of 17 megadiverse countries; it is home to numerous endemic species. Tanjung Piai in the Malaysian state of Johor is the southernmost point of continental Eurasia.

The country has its origins in the Malay kingdoms, which, from the 18th century on, became subject to the British Empire, along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate. During World War Two, British Malaya, along with other nearby British and American colonies, was occupied by the Empire of Japan. Following three years of occupation, Peninsular Malaysia was briefly unified as the Malayan Union in 1946 until 1948 when it was restructured as the Federation of Malaya. The country achieved independence on 31 August 1957. On 16 September 1963, independent Malaya united with the then British crown coloniesofNorth Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore to become Malaysia. In August 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation and became a separate, independent country.

The country is multiethnic and multicultural, which has a significant effect on its politics. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with minorities of Chinese, Indians, and indigenous peoples. The official language is Malaysian Malay, a standard form of the Malay language. English remains an active second language. While recognising Islam as the official religion, the constitution grants freedom of religion to non-Muslims. The government is modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system, and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is an elected monarch, chosen from among the nine state sultans every five years. The head of government is the prime minister.

After independence, the gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average rate of 6.5% per year for almost 50 years. The country's economy has traditionally been driven by its natural resources but is expanding into commerce, tourism, and medical tourism. The country has a newly industrialised market economy, and it ranks very high in the Human Development Index. The country is a founding member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the East Asia Summit (EAS), and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and a member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), the Commonwealth, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). (Full article...)

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North Borneo (usually known as British North Borneo, also known as the State of North Borneo) was a British protectorate in the northern part of the island of Borneo, which is present day Sabah. The territory of North Borneo was originally established by concessions of the Sultanates of Brunei and Sulu in 1877 and 1878 to a German-born representative of Austria-Hungary, a businessman and diplomat, Gustav Overbeck.

Overbeck had recently purchased a small tract of land in the western coast of Borneo in 1876 from American merchant Joseph William Torrey, who had promoted the territory in Hong Kong since 1866.

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Mansor sailing his yacht Jalur Gemilang in 1999

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  Image 1Wonton Mee (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 2Gasing spinning top at the cultural center Gelanggang Seni (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 3Idli served with typical accompaniments. (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 4Claypot chicken rice (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 5A bowl of Asam laksa (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 6Pan Mee (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 7New villages were established during the 1950s to segregate Chinese with connections to communist insurgents. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 8The Dutch fleet battling with the Portuguese armada as part of the Dutch–Portuguese War in 1606 to gain control of Malacca (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 9Malacca Literature Museum (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 10Siti Nurhaliza wearing a tudung (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 11Sultanate of Aceh's influence in Perak, Kedah, Pahang, and Terengganu on the Malay Peninsula, c. 1570s (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 12A selection of Nyonya kuih (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 132007 Bersih rally that was held in Kuala Lumpur (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 14Murtabak being made at a stall, a type of pancake filled with eggs, small chunks of meat and onions. (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 15Kuala Lumpur, a blend of old and new (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 16Philippine President Duterte in a meeting with Mahathir in the Malacanang Palace in 2019 (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 17The Nyonya making various traditional kuih. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 18The Zheng He monument, today, marks his stopover at the city. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 19Ayer Keroh Lake. (from Geography of Malaysia)
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  Image 20The usually crowded Lim Chong Eu Expressway and its surroundings in Penang deserted throughout the Malaysian movement control order, as seen on 22 March 2020, to combat COVID-19 pandemic. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 21A Malaysian nasi lemak traditionally wrapped in banana leaves (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 22The 1MDB corruption scandal tainted the tenure of Prime Minister, Najib Razak. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 23Petroleum MuseuminSarawak. (from Mining in Malaysia)
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  Image 24The Klang Bell, dated 200 BC–200 AD (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 25A view of Petronas Twin Towers and the surrounding central business district in Kuala Lumpur (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 26Amplang. (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 27Swordfish hinava served with sandwich bread (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 28Roti canai (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 29A Chinese junk in the Kinabatangan District of northern Borneo, photographed by Martin Johnson c. 1935 (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 30Malaysian Chinese Catholics during Palm Sunday at St Ignatius Church in Selangor. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 31Ais kacang (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 32Ikan bakar in Muar, Johor. (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 33Penang chee cheong fun (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 34Former mine which has been converted into a lake gardeninPerak. (from Mining in Malaysia)
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  Image 35Proportion of ethnic Chinese and Malay with indigenous voters in the 2018 Malaysian parliamentary constituency:
  

    Bright red indicates a higher proportion of ethnic Chinese
    Bright green indicates a higher proportion of ethnic Malay or indigenous people
    Mixed colour means that the ratio of the two is equivalent
    The brownish colour are the area with the higher proportion of other non-indigenous races (such as Indians)
  (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 36Roti Telur and Teh Tarik (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 37Maggi goreng in George Town, Penang (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 38The discovery of a skull estimated to be around 40,000 years old in the Niah Caves, in Sarawak, has been identified as the earliest evidence for human settlement in Malaysian Borneo (photo December 1958). (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 39A bowl of curry mee, with fried beancurd skins and fish cake on the side (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 40Chinatown, Kuching, a ChinatowninKuching. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 41Awau workshop (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 42Jonker Walk, a ChinatowninMalacca. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 43Chinese women working in a British mobile canteen during the Malayan Campaign, c. January 1942 (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 44An ethnic Chinese woman in Malaysia grinds and cuts up dried herbs to make traditional Chinese medicine. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 45Johor-Dutch battle in the 1780s (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 46Heads from old headhunting practices in a Kadazan house in Sabah (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 47Comparison of Malay language, Jawi writing, and Khat calligraphy with other languages. (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 48Hainanese chicken rice balls in Muar, Johor, Malaysia (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 49A typical serving of banana leaf rice. (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 50Japanese troops moving through Kuala Lumpur during their advance through Malaya (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 51George Town, Penang during the 1950s (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 52Nasi kerabu (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 53The earliest record of a local law influenced by Islamic teaching and written in Jawi. The stone monument is found in Terengganu. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 54South-East Asia's Largest Temple- Kek Lok SiinPenang being illuminated in preparation for the Lunar New Year. (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 55Geographical distributions of ethnic Chinese Malaysians by majority in each cities or towns:
  

    Hokkien
    Cantonese
    Hakka
    Fuzhou
    Hainanese
    Teochew
    Kwongsai
    Hockchia
    Undetermined majority
  (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 56Air bandung. (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 57Some of the traditional clothes from East Malaysia (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 58Laksa Sarawak (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 59Yusheng (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 601860–1900 photograph of Bukit Cina (Chinese Hill) in Malacca, one of Malaysia's oldest Chinese cemeteries (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 61Nasi Lemak, the national dish of Malaysia (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 62A bowl of Penang Hokkien mee (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 63Co-curricular activities in Tshung Tsin Secondary School, a Chinese independent high schoolinSabah. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 64Children in a rickshaw pulled by a Chinese coolieinKuching around 1919 (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 65Statue of Francis Light in the Fort Cornwallis of Penang, marking the start of British rule in the Malay Archipelago (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 66Lion dance in Malaysia's capital during the Chinese main festivity. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 67Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA) guerrillas during their disbandment ceremony in Kuala Lumpur after the end of World War II (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 68Japanese troops landed on Malaya in 1941. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 69Joint Chinese-Malay anticommunist demonstration in Semenyih, Selangor during the 1950s (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 70Sambal belacan, made with mixed toasted belachan, ground chilli, kaffir leaves, sugar and water (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 71Authentic mee bandung from Muar (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 72A craftsman making batik. Malaysian batik is usually patterned with floral motifs with light colouring. (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 73Dataran Merdeka (Independence Square) in Kuala Lumpur, where Malaysians celebrate Independence Day on 31 August each year (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 74Members of the Cobbold Commission were formed to conduct a study in the British Borneo territories of Sarawak and Sabah to see whether the two were interested in the idea to form the Federation of Malaysia with Malaya and Singapore. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 75Happy Valley in George Town, Penang (looking west from Jalan Pasar) (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 76Bubur pulut hitam, without coconut milk. (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 77Malacca Art Gallery (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 78Penang rojak (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 79Pekan Cina dan Pekan MelayuaChinatown and Malaytown in Kedah. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 80Historic Indosphere cultural influence zone of Greater India for transmission of religion, music, arts, and cuisine (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 81Chinatown Penang, A Chinatown located in Georgetown, Penang. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 82Chinese tycoon Ng Boo Bee with British officials in Perak in 1904 (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 83Built in the 6th century AD, Candi Bukit Batu Pahat is the most well-known ancient Hindu temple found in Bujang Valley. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 84Photo of Sultan Ahmad Muʽazzam and his courtiers. Many years after the precolonial period. c. 1900. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 85Nasi dagang (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 86The Buddha-Gupta stone, dating to the 4th–5th century AD, was dedicated by an Indian Merchant, Buddha Gupta. Found in Seberang Perai and kept in the National Museum, Calcutta, India. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 87Peninsular Malaysia (left) is 40% of Malaysia's territory, and East Malaysia (right) is 60% of Malaysia's territory. The capital of Malaysia is Kuala Lumpur. (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 88Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur was the tallest building in Southeast Asia. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 89Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources (from Mining in Malaysia)
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  Image 90Petaling Street, a Chinatown in Malaysia's capital of Kuala Lumpur, at night (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 91Durians in rack sold in Kuala Lumpur (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 92Mee siput muar (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 93Soto ayam, (chicken soto). Note the transparent yellow broth, the emping and fried shallot (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 94The extent of the Malaccan Empire in the 15th century became the main point for the spreading of Islam in the Malay Archipelago. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 95Mahathir Mohamad was the leading force in making Malaysia into a major industrial power. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 9616th century Portuguese sketch of Malacca. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 97Char kway teowinPenang (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 98Some of the examples of ethnic Chinese influenced Malaysian cuisine, clockwise from top-right: grass jelly (凉粉) with Bandung, yong tau foo, Nyonya steamed layer cake (娘惹千层糕) and laksa noodle. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 99Mount Kinabalu, the highest point of Malaysia, is located in Sabah. (from Geography of Malaysia)
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  Image 100The topography of Peninsular Malaysia. (from Geography of Malaysia)
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  Image 101Kolo mee (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 102Inside the former house of a Peranakan (Baba-Nyonya or 峇峇娘惹) in Malacca which has now been converted into a museum, a Nyonya can be seen sitting inside wearing the traditional kebaya. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 103Kangkung belacan (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 104The proclamation on the formation of the independent Federation of MalaysiabyLee Kuan Yew (top) for Singapore; Donald Stephens (centre) for North Borneo and Stephen Kalong Ningkan (bottom) for Sarawak. However, Singapore left the Federation less than two years after the merger due to racial issues. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 105Joget Melayu, a Malay dance (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 106The Hai San Secret Society's "Captain China" with his followers in Selangor, June 1874 (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 107Sea grapes, known as latok by the Bajau people. (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 108Iced Ipoh white coffee in Menglembu, Ipoh, Malaysia (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 109British flag hoisted for the first time on the island of Labuan on 24 December 1846 (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 110British and Malayan police talking to a Chinese civilian about communist activity in the area in 1949 (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 111The topography of Malaysian Borneo. (from Geography of Malaysia)
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  Image 112An 1880 painting of southern Chinese merchant from Fujian (left) and Chinese official in Penang Island. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 113Roti tisu served as a savoury meal, pictured here with a glass of teh tarik. (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 114SMJK Confucian in Kuala Lumpur, an example of converted Chinese independent school to government-funded "SMJK" (literally Sekolah Menengah Jenis Kebangsaan). (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 115Aside from mandarin orange, various other snacks are presented for visitors throughout the Chinese New Year. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 116Tongmenghui fundraising meeting in Ipoh for the Second Guangzhou Uprising, c. 1911 (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 1171935 map of the Ming dynasty under the Yongle Emperor in 1415 (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 118Map of the geographic origin of the present-day ethnic Chinese Malaysians since their early migrations from China to Nanyang region more than a hundred years ago. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 119The 1056m Johor-Singapore Causeway connects Malaysia and Singapore across the Straits of Johor. In the background is Johor Bahru. (from Geography of Malaysia)
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  Image 120Sate (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 121Köppen–Geiger climate classification map of Malaysia. (from Geography of Malaysia)
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  Image 122Evolution of Malaysia (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 123Batik cake (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 124Map of the Sinophone world, where Chinese languages are spoken as a first language among ethnic Chinese in countries where their population is significant:
  

    Chinese-speaking majority (Coastal and central areas of China, Taiwan and Singapore)
    Large Chinese-speaking minority (Highland China, Malaysia and Brunei)
    Small Chinese-speaking minority (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam)
  (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 125Teh C Peng Special (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 126Malay children dressed for Hari raya (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 127Tanks of fresh seafood at a seafood restaurant in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 128Raw (l) and cooked (r) sambal tempoyak. (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 129Peninsular Malaysia Precipitation Map in December 2004 showing heavy precipitation on the east coast, causing floods there. (from Geography of Malaysia)
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  Image 130Copper mineinSabah. (from Mining in Malaysia)
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  Image 131Bronze Avalokiteshvara statue found in Perak, 8th–9th century (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 132Sarawak layered cake. (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 133Na Tuk Kong (拿督公) shrine in West Malaysia. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 134Replica of the palace of the Malacca Sultanate, built from information in the Malay Annals. (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 135Clockwise from bottom left: beef soup, ketupat (compressed rice cubes), beef rendang and sayur lodeh (from Culture of Malaysia)
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  Image 136A beach on Redang Island in the South China Sea. (from Geography of Malaysia)
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  Image 137Bantang River Recreational Forest in Segamat District, Johor. (from Geography of Malaysia)
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  Image 138A view of a river from the anchorage off Sarawak, Borneo, c. 1800s. Painting from the National Maritime Museum of London. (from History of Malaysia)
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  Image 139Bak Kut Teh (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 140A Map of Malaysia's states. (from Geography of Malaysia)
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  Image 141Gaya Street, Kota Kinabalu, a ChinatowninSabah. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 142Tau sar pneah, also known as Tambun pneah, from Penang (from Malaysian cuisine)
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  Image 143Chinatown Gateway, a ChinatowninKuala Terengganu, Terrengganu. (from Malaysian Chinese)
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  Image 144Tugu Negara, the Malaysian national monument, is dedicated to those who fell during World War II and the Malayan Emergency. (from History of Malaysia)

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