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Flag of Turkey
Turkey Republic of Türkiye , is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia , with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe . It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia , Armenia , Azerbaijan , and Iran to the east; Iraq , Syria , and the Mediterranean Sea (and Cyprus ) to the south; and the Aegean Sea , Greece , and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turks , while ethnic Kurds are the largest ethnic minority . Officially a secular state , Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city, and its economic and financial center, as well as the largest city in Europe . Other major cities include İzmir , Bursa and Antalya .
Human habitation began in the Late Paleolithic . Home to important Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe and some of the earliest farming areas , present-day Turkey was inhabited by various ancient peoples . Hattians were assimilated by the Anatolian peoples . Classical Anatolia transitioned into cultural Hellenization following the conquests of Alexander the Great ; Hellenization continued during the Roman and Byzantine eras. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into Anatolia in the 11th century, starting the Turkification process. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into Turkish principalities . Beginning in 1299, the Ottomans united the principalities and expanded ; Mehmed II conquered Istanbul in 1453 . During the reigns of Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent , the Ottoman Empire became a global power . From 1789 onwards, the empire saw major transformation, reforms , and centralization while its territory declined .
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction and in the Russian Empire resulted in large-scale loss of life and mass migration into modern-day Turkey from the Balkans , Caucasus , and Crimea . Under the control of the Three Pashas , the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in 1914, during which the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian , Greek and Assyrian subjects. Following Ottoman defeat, the Turkish War of Independence resulted in the abolition of the sultanate and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne . The Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, modelled on the reforms initiated by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk . Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II , but was involved in the Korean War . Coups in 1960 and 1980 interrupted the transition to a multi-party system.
Turkey is an upper-middle-income and emerging country ; its economy is the world's 18th-largest by nominal and 11th-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP . It is a unitary presidential republic . Turkey is a founding member of the OECD , G20 , and Organization of Turkic States . With a geopolitically significant location, Turkey is a regional power and an early member of NATO . An EU candidate , Turkey is part of the EU Customs Union , CoE , OIC , and TURKSOY .
Turkey has coastal plains, a high central plateau , and various mountain ranges; its climate is temperate with harsher conditions in the interior. Home to three biodiversity hotspots , Turkey is prone to frequent earthquakes and is highly vulnerable to climate change . Turkey has universal healthcare , growing access to education , and increasing innovativeness . It is a leading TV content exporter. With 21 UNESCO World Heritage sites, 30 UNESCO intangible cultural heritage inscriptions, and a rich and diverse cuisine , Turkey is the fifth most visited country in the world. (Full article...
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General images
The following are images from various Turkey-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1 First
Ziraat Bank Headquarters (1925–29) in
Ankara designed by Giulio Mongeri is an important symbol of the First National Architectural Movement. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 2 Originally a church, later a mosque, and now a Grand mosque, the
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul was built by the
Byzantines in the 6th century. (from
History of Turkey )
Image 3 Ankara (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 4 Istanbul Sapphire (2006–11) is the tallest building in
Turkey and 4th in
Europe . (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 9 Map of the Hittite Empire at its greatest extent, with Hittite rule
c. 1350–1300 BC represented by the green line (from
History of Turkey )
Image 11 Antalya (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 13 Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914) was another prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 14 A view of
Levent from
Kanlıca across the
Bosporus (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 15 Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC) (from
History of Turkey )
Image 16 Entrance portal of the
Karatay Madrasa in Konya (
c. 1251 ) (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 17 An Oil wrestling tournament in
Istanbul . This has been the national sport of Turkey since
Ottoman times. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 18 Map of the
Lydian Kingdom in its final period of sovereignty under
Croesus , c. 547 BC. (from
History of Turkey )
Image 20 Designed by Şekip Akalın,
Ankara Central Station (1937) is a notable
art deco design of its era. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 21 Map showing events of the first phases of the Greco-Persian Wars (from
History of Turkey )
Image 23 Ankara Opera House , designed by
Şevki Balmumcu (1933–34) and renovation by
Paul Bonatz (1946–47). (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 24 Istanbul University Faculty of Science and Faculty of Literature Buildings (1944–52) designed by
Sedad Hakkı Eldem and Emin Onat (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 25 The Bath-Gymnasium complex at
Sardis in Turkey. (from
History of Turkey )
Image 27 Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca was one of the most prolific
Turkish poets of the Turkish Republic with more than 60 collections of his poems published, laureate of the
Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 28 Orhan Veli Kanık was the founder of the
Garip Movement in Turkish poetry. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 29 Roosevelt ,
İnönü and
Churchill at the
Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943. (from
History of Turkey )
Image 30 View from
Levent district in
Istanbul . Istanbul's skyline has changed especially since the early 2000s. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 31 Adnan Menderes ,
İsmet İnönü , and the other members of the Parliament wearing a
white tie and
top hat . (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 32 The sultan of the golden age,
Suleiman the Magnificent . (from
History of Turkey )
Image 33 Karagöz and Hacivat are the lead characters of the traditional
Turkish shadow play , popularized during the
Ottoman period . (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 34 Sami Frashëri (1850–1904) and his wife Emine, May 1884. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 35 Atatürk on the cover of the
Time magazine, Vol. I No. 4, March 24, 1923. Title: "Mustapha Kemal Pasha" (from
History of Turkey )
Image 36 Map of earthquakes in Turkey 1900–2023 (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 37 Anıtkabir designed by
Emin Halid Onat and Ahmet Orhan Arda (1944–53) (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 38 Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late-19th-century
Ottoman Empire . (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 39 Mehmed II enters Constantinople by
Fausto Zonaro (from
History of Turkey )
Image 40 Istanbul (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 42 Beaches and marina of
Kemer near
Antalya on the
Turkish Riviera (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 43 Yalikavak Palmarina in
Bodrum (2014) designed by
Emre Arolat (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 44 Butterfly Valley on the
Turkish Riviera . (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 45 The empire in 555 under
Justinian the Great , at its greatest extent since the fall of the
Western Roman Empire (its
vassals in pink) (from
History of Turkey )
Image 46 Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915) was a prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 49 Night view of the
Taksim Mosque (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 51 The Ottoman Empire in
1683 , at the start of the
Great Turkish War (1683–1699) (from
History of Turkey )
... that the construction of the Çanakkale Martyrs' Memorial pictured ), commemorating over 250,000 Turkish soldiers fallen during the Battle of Gallipoli in WWI , was completed with nationwide financial contributions? (January 11, 2008) Wikipedia:Recent additions 199
... that the Valens Aqueduct Constantinople and Ottoman Istanbul ? (February 16, 2008) Wikipedia:Recent additions 206
... that Trabzonspor Turkish soccer team entitled to participate in the UEFA Women's Champions League ? (September 19, 2009) Wikipedia:Recent additions 248
... that the 1993 Bayburt Üzengili avalanche Turkey killed 59 people and 650 livestock, and caused the relocation of the village to a safe zone? (October 20, 2010)
... that before its restoration the Kasim Ağa Mosque in Istanbul was used as a shanty ? (April 7, 2012)
... that Turkey was so dissatisfied with its first set of stamps France make the second set 20 para (example pictured) ? (May 4, 2008) Wikipedia:Recent additions 215
Selected picture
Image 1 Aydilge Sarp ;
Turkish singer, songwriter and novelist
Image 5 The tughra of
Mahmud II . "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").
Image 6 The Temple of Athena at
Priene , an ancient site near Turunçlar in
Aydın province .
Image 7
Image 8 Flag of Turkey , from flowers
Image 9 The sun setting over the
Golden Horn in the city of
Istanbul .
Image 10 Tarkan with Hungarian fans
Image 11 An airplane with a
nazar boncuğu symbol that is said to offer protection from the "
evil eye ".
Image 12 A faculty of
Sakarya University
Image 15
Image 22 Iznik , 16th-century vase
Image 24
Image 25
Altınordu served Altınordu S.K. his entire career, earned 4 caps for Turkey national football team between 1932 and 1937. Winning 6 İzmir Football League titles at Altınordu S.K., he is widely accepted by Altınordu S.K. as the legendary player of the club. He was also part of Turkey's squad at the 1936 Summer Olympics . (Full article...
More selected videos Videos from Turkey on Wikimedia Commons
“
A satiated man doesn't know what's hunger, a healthy man doesn't know what's disease.
”
More selected quotes Turkish proverbs in Wikiquote
Recognized content
Alanya , Byzantine Empire , SMS Goeben , The Turk , List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire , Istanbul , Italian War of 1521–1526 , Italian War of 1542–1546 , List of battleships of the Ottoman Empire , Rhodes blood libel
2004 Istanbul summit , 2008 Turkish Grand Prix , Battle of Manzikert , Battle of Marash , Battle of Vaslui , Church of St. Polyeuctus , First Crusade , Great Zab , Hood event , Limyra Bridge , Siege of Szigetvár , Night Attack at Târgoviște , Third Perso-Turkic War , Walls of Constantinople , Gallipoli Campaign , Battle of Lone Pine
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