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List of ports in India

In India, ports are categorised into major ports and non-major ports (informally called minor ports). As of 2022, there are 12 major ports and 217 non-major ports across the country. Major ports are under the administrative control of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways of the Government of India, while non-major ports fall under the jurisdiction of State Maritime Boards of respective state governments—this also includes private ports running under the public–private partnership (PPP) model. Among the 217 non-major ports, cargo is handled only at 68 ports, others are used by fishing vessels and ferries.^[1] India has a coastline of 7517 kilometres, forming one of the largest peninsulas in the world. According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, around 95 percent of India's trading by volume and 70 percent by value is done through maritime transport. India's major ports handled highest ever cargo of 795 million tonne in FY23.^[2]

Port Blair which was notified as major port in 2010 was removed later. The ports are spread across Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.^[3] Government of India plans to build new greenfield ports and also built associated infrastructure such as railway lines through the 2015 established Sagar Mala project,^[4] and National Maritime Development Programme.^[5]

Classification of ports[edit]

According to Constitution of India, maritime transport is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's shipping ministry administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving public–private partnership.

The maritime boards of state governments administer control of minor ports owned by state governments. In 2018–19, minor ports of Gujarat alone handled total 542 MMT of cargo.^[6] Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022–23.^[7]

Capacity[edit]

The capacity of Indian ports currently stands at 2,604.99 mtpa.^[8] The container throughput of Indian ports stood at 17 million TEUs for the period 2020.^[9]

Ship breaking[edit]

As of January 2020^[update], India has 30% share of ship breaking with annual US$1.1 billion revenue. India is a signatory to Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships. India plans to pass the "Recycling of Ships Act, 2019" to ratify the Hong Kong treaty. This will allow India to capture its targeted 60% in the global ship breaking business while doubling the annual to US$2.3 billion target.^[10] India's Alang-Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard is world's largest ships' graveyard.^[10] Other ship graveyards in India is the Steel Industrials Kerala Limited breaking unit.^[11]

Major ports[edit]

The port's under central Government of india are known as Major port and other ports in India are classified as minor ports.The following are the 12 major ports of India.^[12][13]

No.	Name	Estb. Year	Image	City	State	Cargo handled in MTPA (FY2022-23)
							1	Chennai Port	1881		Chennai	Tamil Nadu	61.23
2	Cochin Port	1928		Kochi	Kerala	37.34
3	Deendayal Port	1965		Kandla	Gujarat	269.10[14]
4	Jawaharlal Nehru Port	1988		Navi Mumbai	Maharashtra	92.37
5	Kamarajar Port	2001		Ennore	Tamil Nadu	75
6	Mormugao Port	1985		Mormugao	Goa	43.40
7	Mumbai Port	1873		Mumbai	Maharashtra	64
8	New Mangalore Port	1974		Mangaluru	Karnataka	78.96
9	Paradip Port	1966		Paradeep	Odisha	289.75[15]
10	Kolkata Port Trust	1977		Haldia	West Bengal	107.77
11	Kolkata Port Trust	1870		Kolkata	West Bengal	66.4
12	Visakhapatnam Port	1933		Visakhapatnam	Andhra Pradesh	108.68
13	V. O. Chidambaranar Port	1974		Thoothukkudi	Tamil Nadu	93.46

Non-major ports[edit]

Private ports[edit]

No.	Name of the Port	Estb. Year	Image	City	State	Ownership
							1	Mundra Port	1998		Mundra	Gujarat	Adani Group
2	Karaikal Port	2009		Karaikal	Puducherry	Adani Group
3	JSW Jaigad Port	2006		Ratnagiri district	Maharashtra	JSW Group
4	Krishnapatnam Port	2008		Krishnapatnam	Andhra Pradesh	Adani Group
5	JSW Dharamtar Port	2012		Alibag	Maharastra	JSW Group
6	Hazira Port	2013		Hazira	Gujarat	Adani Group
7	Dighi Port	2000		Raigad district	Maharashtra	Adani Group
8	Dhamra Port	2011		Bhadrak district	Odisha	Adani Group
9	Gopalpur port	2013		Chhatrapur	Odisha	Shapoorji Pallonji Group
10	Gangavaram Port	2009		Visakhapatnam	Andhra Pradesh	Adani Group
11	Kattupalli Port	2012		Kattupalli	Tamil Nadu	Adani Group
12	Dahej Port	2010		Bharuch district	Gujarat	Adani Group
13	Kakinada Port	1999		East Godavari	Andhra Pradesh	Aurobindo Group
14	Tuna Port	2022[16]		Tuna	Gujarat	Adani Group
15	Vizhinjam Port	2023		Thiruvananthapuram	Kerala	Adani Group
16	Vallapuram Port	2011		Kochi	Kerala	DP World
17	APM Terminals Pipavav	2002		Pipavav	Gujarat	Maersk

See also[edit]

• Gujarat Maritime Board
• Maharashtra Maritime Board
• Kerala Maritime Board

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways

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