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Punjabi Braille

Punjabi Braille is the braille alphabet used in India for Punjabi. It is one of the Bharati braille alphabets, and largely conforms to the letter values of the other Bharati alphabets.^[1]

Alphabet[edit]

The alphabet is as follows: Vowel letters are used rather than diacritics, and they occur after consonants in their spoken order.^[2] For orthographic conventions, see Bharati Braille.

Gurmukhi	ਅ	ਆ	ਇ	ਈ	ਉ	ਊ	ਏ	ਐ	ਓ	ਔ
ISO	a	ā	i	ī	u	ū	ē	e	ō	o
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠁	⠜	⠊	⠔	⠥	⠳	⠑	⠌	⠕	⠪

Gurmukhi	ਕ	ਖ	ਗ	ਘ	ਙ
ISO	k	kh	g	gh	ṅ
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠅	⠨	⠛	⠣	⠬

Gurmukhi	ਚ	ਛ	ਜ	ਝ	ਞ
ISO	c	ch	j	jh	ñ
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠉	⠡	⠚	⠴	⠒

Gurmukhi	ਟ	ਠ	ਡ	ਢ	ਣ
ISO	ṭ	ṭh	ḍ	ḍh	ṇ
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠾	⠺	⠫	⠿	⠼

Gurmukhi	ਤ	ਥ	ਦ	ਧ	ਨ
ISO	t	th	d	dh	n
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠞	⠹	⠙	⠮	⠝

Gurmukhi	ਪ	ਫ	ਬ	ਭ	ਮ
ISO	p	ph	b	bh	m
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠏	⠖	⠃	⠘	⠍

Gurmukhi	ਯ	ਰ	ਲ	ਵ
ISO	y	r	l	v
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠽	⠗	⠇	⠧

Gurmukhi	ਸ	ਹ	ੜ
ISO	s	h	ṛ [3]
Braille (Image)
Braille (inline)	⠎	⠓	⠻

Pointing[edit]

The Bharati point, ⠐, is only used to derive one consonant, ਗ਼ ġa /ɣə/, from the base consonant letter ਗ ga /ɡə/. This system also operates in Hindi Braille and Indian Urdu Braille, but the Punjabi Braille alphabet is closer to Indian Urdu, as all other consonants that are pointed in print, such as ਖ਼ xa, are rendered with dedicated letters in braille based on international values. The six pointed letters in the Gurmukhi script have the following equivalents in braille:

Gurmukhi	ਖ਼	ਗ਼	ਜ਼	ਫ਼	ਲ਼	ਸ਼
ISO	x	ġ	z	f	ḷ	ś
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠭	⠐⠛	⠵	⠋	⠸	⠩

Codas[edit]

Points are used for syllable codas.

Gurmukhi	ਕ੍		ਕਂ		ਕਃ		ਕਁ
Diacritics	Halant		Anusvara		Visarga		Candrabindu
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠈		⠰		⠠		⠄

Punctuation[edit]

See Bharati Braille#Punctuation.

References[edit]