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Rappephyceae, or Rappemonads, are a small family of protists first described in 2011, of uncertain phylogenic affinity.[2] It has been discussed as a possible member of a larger clade Haptophyta .[3] This newly identified taxonomic class of phytoplankton are named after a professor from the Hawai’i institute of marine biology , known as Michael Rappé. Rappé discovered these phytoplankton in the Atlantic Ocean and published his findings on their DNA in 1998.[4] Current research has shown that these organisms provide an immense amount of nutritional organic molecules, such as oxygen , for other organisms using biochemical processes like photosynthesis and carbon fixation .[1]
Family of protista
Classification [ edit ]
Rappephyceae belong to the Haptophyte clade.[5] The haptophytes comprise around 500 marine algal species.[6] One of the most novel characteristics of haptophytes is their calcite , or calcium carbonate , scales that cover the cell. These are also known as coccoliths and the whole organism can be referred to as a coccolithophore .[citation needed ] Coccolithophores are responsible for approximately 50% of the calcium carbonate precipitation in oceans.[7] While Rappephyceae are a newly classified group, they likely share many evolutionary properties with other Coccolithophores. Rappephyceae earn their own class from their unique morphology . They represent a plastid -bearing protistan lineage, identified using molecular sequencing techniques with environmental plastid 16s rRNA . Using DNA libraries it was discovered that these species are closely related to Gephyrocapsa huxleyi and Prymnesium parvum which are both primary producers .[1]
Biological properties [ edit ]
As members of the Haptophyte clade, Rappephyceae are considered autotrophs . Similar to plants, phytoplankton contain chlorophyll in their cells which act to capture sunlight , carbon dioxide , and water ; These molecules are converted from light energy to chemical energy creating essential biomolecules like oxygen and glucose . Since phytoplankton have no use for the oxygen molecules, they are released and acquired by more complex organisms. This process is often referred to as photosynthesis , or the light cycle as it occurs in the presence of sunlight. This characteristic give Rappephyceae the title of primary producers.[1]
Photosynthesis at the cellular level
Since Rappephyceae are considered coccolithophores, they can act as microfossils giving insight into previous ecological conditions.[7]
References [ edit ]
^ a b c d Kawachi, Masanobu; Nakayama, Takuro; Kayama, Motoki; Nomura, Mami; Miyashita, Hideaki; Bojo, Othman; Rhodes, Lesley; Sym, Stuart; Pienaar, Richard N.; Probert, Ian; Inouye, Isao; Kamikawa, Ryoma (June 2021). "Rappemonads are haptophyte phytoplankton" (PDF) . Current Biology . 31 (11 ): 2395–2403.e4. doi :10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.012 . PMID 33773100 . S2CID 232369943 .
^ Kim, Eunsoo; Harrison, James W.; Sudek, Sebastian; Jones, Meredith D. M.; Wilcox, Heather M.; Richards, Thomas A.; Worden, Alexandra Z.; Archibald, John M. (25 January 2011). "Newly identified and diverse plastid-bearing branch on the eukaryotic tree of life" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 108 (4 ): 1496–1500. doi :10.1073/pnas.1013337108 . PMC 3029697 . PMID 21205890 .
^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (December 2015). "Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista" . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 93 : 331–362. doi :10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004 . PMID 26234272 .
^ "New class of marine phytoplankton named for UH professor" (Press release). University of Hawaiʻi . 22 April 2021. ProQuest 2516733806 .
^ Kawachi, Masanobu; Nakayama, Takuro; Kayama, Motoki; Nomura, Mami; Miyashita, Hideaki; Bojo, Othman; Rhodes, Lesley; Sym, Stuart; Pienaar, Richard N.; Probert, Ian; Inouye, Isao (2021-06-07). "Rappemonads are haptophyte phytoplankton" . Current Biology . 31 (11 ): 2395–2403.e4. doi :10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.012 . hdl :2433/262425 . ISSN 0960-9822 . PMID 33773100 . S2CID 232369943 .
^ van den Hoek, Christiaan; Mann, David; Jahns, H. M. (1995). Algae: An Introduction to Phycology . Cambridge University Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-521-31687-3 .
^ a b Reyes-Prieto, A.; Yoon, H.S.; Bhattacharya, D. (2009). "Marine Algal Genomics and Evolution". Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences . pp. 552–559. doi :10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00779-7 . ISBN 978-0-12-374473-9 . S2CID 83233023 .
Further reading [ edit ]
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rappephyceae&oldid=1232431340 "
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● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 3 J u l y 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 8 : 0 8 ( U T C ) .
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