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Real-time outbreak and disease surveillance

1. The first tool is a moving average with a 120-day sliding phase-I-window.^{[clarification needed]}
2. The second tool is a nonstandard combination of CUSUM and EWMA, where an EWMA is used to predict next-day counts, and a CuSum monitors the residuals from these predictions.
3. The third monitoring tool in RODS is a recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm, which fits an autoregressive model to the counts and updates estimates continuously by minimizing prediction error. A Shewhart I-chart^{[clarification needed]} is then applied to the residuals, using a threshold of 4 standard deviations.
4. The fourth tool in RODS implements a wavelet approach, which decomposes the time series using Haar wavelets, and uses the lowest resolution to remove long-term trends from the raw series. The residuals are then monitored using an ordinary Shewhart I-chart with a threshold of 4 standard deviations.

References[edit]

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