Persian miniature painted by Al-Hakim Nishapuri depicting the expulsion of Adam and Eve, observed by the angel Riḍwan over the doors of the Garden, the Serpent, the Peacock, and Iblis.
Riḍwān (orRızvan , Arabic: رضوان), is an angelinIslam, who guards the gates of heaven. His name is absent in the Quran and early tafsir, named by Ibn HishamIsmāʿīl instead,[1] he namely appears in later reports and Mi'raj narration.[2] Ridwan also plays an important role as the guardian of heaven in the Qisas Al-Anbiya, here he must prevent Iblis from entering the keep of Adam, but was tricked by a serpent, who concealed Iblis in his mouth, carrying him past the guardian.[3] His name probably developed from the Quranictermriḍwan. However, in the Quranic usage, it does not refer to an angel.[4]
^Raven, W., "Riḍwān", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 16 October 2019 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6291> Erste Online-Erscheinung: 2012 Erste Druckedition: ISBN9789004161214, 1960-2007.
^Stephen Burge, Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi Akhbar al-malik Routledge 2015 ISBN978-1-136-50473-0 chapter 6
^Amira El-Zein. Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn. Syracuse University Press. 2009. ISBN978-0-815-65070-6. Pp. 98-9.
^Stephen Burge. Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi Akhbar al-malik. Routledge, 2015. ISBN978-1-136-50473-0.
