Rohini Kumar Chaudhuri was born in Kamrup, Assam on 2 May 1889. Chaudhuri attended Government High Schools in Nowgong, Gauhati, Dhubri in Assam and went on to obtain degrees in Arts and Law from the Scottish Church College, Presidency College and Ripon College. Later, he became a Senior Advocate in the Supreme Court of India.
He was deeply involved in Assamese politics, and became a member of the Assam legislature from 1927 to 1945.
Chaudhuri was elected to the Constituent Assembly from Assam on a Congress party ticket. In the Assembly, he has intervened on issues ranging from citizenship, discrimination and untouchability.
^India. Parliament. House of the People; India. Parliament. Lok Sabha (1955). Lok Sabha Debates. Lok Sabha Secretariat. p. 3135. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
^India. Constituent Assembly; India. Parliament. Lok Sabha. Secretariat (1999). Constituent Assembly debates: official report. Reprinted by Lok Sabha Secretariat. p. 792. Retrieved 9 April 2019.