Contents

Royal city in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

"Royal city" redirects here. For other uses, see Royal city (disambiguation).

In the history of Poland, a royal cityorroyal town (Polish: miasto królewskie) was an urban settlement within the crown lands (Polish: królewszczyzna).^[1]

The most influential royal cities enjoyed voting rights during the free election period in Poland (1572–1791). These cities were Gdańsk, Warsaw, Kraków, Poznań, Lwów, Wilno, Toruń, Lublin, Kamieniec and Elbląg.^[2] Other important royal cities included Gniezno (ecclesiastical capital of Poland and former capital of early medieval Poland), Płock (former capital of medieval Poland), Grodno (general sejm location alongside Warsaw), Bydgoszcz and Piotrków (Crown Tribunal locations alongside Lublin).

Law on the Cities[edit]

On April 18, 1791, the Great Sejm adopted the Free Royal Cities Act (full title:『Miasta nasze królewskie wolne w państwach Rzeczypospolitej』- "Our Free Royal Cities in the States of the Commonwealth"), included as Article III into the Constitution of May 3, 1791.

The law granted a number of privileges for the residents of royal cities. Many of these privileges and rights have already been enjoyed by major royal cities, and the law effectively equalized all royal cities in this respect. It also includes some rights earlier enjoyed only by szlachta.

Royal cities by region[edit]

Crown of the Kingdom of Poland[edit]

Greater Poland Province[edit]

Warsaw in the 18th century

Gdańsk in the 16th century

Poznań in the 17th century

Elbląg in the 18th century

Toruń in the 17th century

Piotrków in the 17th century

Grudziądz in the 17th century

Brześć Kujawski in the 17th century

Sztum in the 18th century

Lesser Poland Province[edit]

Kraków, Kleparz and Kazimierz in the 17th century - agglomeration of three royal cities

Lwów in the 17th century

Lublin in the 17th century

Kamieniec Podolski in the 17th century

Przemyśl in the 17th century

Sandomierz in the 17th century

Chełm in the 17th century

Biecz in the 17th century

Łuck in the 18th century

Grand Duchy of Lithuania[edit]

Vilnius in the 17th century

Grodno in the 16th century

Kaunas in the 17th century

Brest in the 17th century

Mogilev in the 18th century

Trakai in the 17th century

Royal castles and residences[edit]

Examples of Polish royal castles and residences found in former royal cities of Poland:

• 
  Wawel Castle, Kraków (World Heritage Site)
• 
  Royal Castle, Warsaw (World Heritage Site)
• 
  Royal Castle, Malbork (World Heritage Site)
• 
  Royal Castle, Lublin
• 
  Royal Castle, Sandomierz
• 
  Royal Castle, Łęczyca
• 
  Royal Castle, Będzin
• 
  Royal Castle, Sanok
• 
  Royal Castle, Poznań
• 
  Royal Castle, Tykocin
• 
  Remainings of the Royal Castle, Nowy Sącz
• 
  Remainings of the Royal Castle, Olsztyn
• 
  Remainings of the Royal Castle, Kremenets
• 
  Royal Castle, Piotrków Trybunalski
• 
  Old Grodno Castle
• 
  Green Gate, Gdańsk

Old towns[edit]

Examples of Polish royal cities historic centers include:

• 
  Kraków Old Town (World Heritage Site)
• 
  Warsaw Old Town (World Heritage Site)
• 
  Medieval Town of Toruń (World Heritage Site)
• 
  Vilnius Old Town (World Heritage Site)
• 
  Lviv Old Town (World Heritage Site)
• 
  Poznań Old Town
• 
  Gdańsk Main City
• 
  Lublin Old Town
• 
  Bydgoszcz Old Town
• 
  Sandomierz Old Town
• 
  Grudziądz Old Town
• 
  Kazimierz Dolny Old Town

See also[edit]

• Royal burgh
• Royal town (disambiguation)
• Royal free city, Hungary

References[edit]