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Although commonly believed to stand for "Microcomputer Z80", the term MZ actually has its roots in the MZ-40K, a home computer kit produced by Sharp in 1978 which was based on Fujitsu's 4-bit MB8843 processor and provided a simple hexadecimalkeypad for input. This was soon followed by the MZ-80K [jp],[1] K2, C, and K2E, all of which were based on 8-bit LH0080A Sharp CPU (compatible to Zilog Z80A) with an alphanumeric keyboard.
From the first Z80 processor-based model to the MZ-2200 [jp] in 1983, the MZ computers included the PC, monitor, keyboard, and tape-based recorder in a single unit, similar to Commodore's PET series. It was also notable for not including a programming languageoroperating systeminROM. This invited a host of third-party companies, starting with Hudson Soft, to produce many languages and OSes for the system. In an era when floppy disk drives were too expensive for most home users, the MZ's built-in cassette tape drive was faster and more reliable than the cassette storage on some competing computers;[2] however, this meant that the MZ series was relatively slow to adopt floppy drives as a standard accessory.
In 1983, after the most popular home computers appeared in the UK, the Sharp MZ-700 was briefly the 10th best selling machine out of 20 considered, beating the Apple IIe, Atari 800 and TI-99/4A.[3]
In May 2012, Sharp's Japanese Twitter account announced that they had found a copy of an MZ manual in a warehouse, and were hoping to digitize it in the future.[4] On 21 December 2012, Sharp's Japanese Twitter account announced[5][6][7] that they had published digital copies of manuals for the MZ-80 on their official website.[8][9] It was promoted as a "Christmas present" to fans.[10]
The MZ series is divided into several lines, including the text-based MZ-80K series, the graphics-based MZ-80B series, and the MZ-3500/5500 series, based on a completely different architecture.
In 1982, Sharp's television division released the X1, a completely new computer. The X series proved to outsell Sharp's own MZ series, and in response, Sharp released the MZ-1500/2500 machines, which featured powered-up graphics and sound capabilities. However, this series saw little marketplace success, and eventually the company abandoned the line in favor of the X68000 series.
The MZ name lives on as the initials of two of Sharp's most well-known products: the Mebius line of PCs, and the Zaurus line of personal digital assistants.
The Sharp MZ-80K was one of the popular early consumer-level microcomputers, with an architecture based on the Zilog Z80 8-bit microprocessor. It was introduced into Europe in 1979. The machine had 48KBofRAM, 32KB of which was available for user programs (the actual figure was dependent on the memory configuration and the system languages being used). It could run a variety of high-level languages including BASIC, Pascal and FORTRAN, which had to be loaded into RAM before any programming could be undertaken. It could also be programmed directly in assembly codeormachine code. The machine had an inbuilt monochrome display and a cassette tape drive. The display, keyboard and cassette drive lifted on hinges to expose the motherboard and circuitry underneath. Graphics capability was primitive, with only preset shapes and icons being available and no native hi-res capability. This was not unusual for a late-1970s vintage microcomputer. The main drawback, however, of the MZ-80K was the non-standard keyboard, which was difficult to use.
The MZ-80K sold well in Europe despite its high price (it retailed at over £500 in 1980), and a large range of software was available, including some Japanese arcade games. It was superseded in 1982 by the MZ-80A machine.
MZ-80K series
MZ-80K (1978): An all-in-one kit with keyboard.
MZ-80C: Featured an improved keyboard and 48KB of memory.
MZ-80K2: The assembled version of the 80K.
MZ-80K2E: A low-price version of the 80K2.
MZ-80A (1982)/MZ-1200: An upgraded version of the 80K with improved keyboard, more VRAM and a green-screen VDU.
MZ-700 series (MZ-80K machines with color graphics)
MZ-700 (1982): The first MZ without a built-in monitor; an optional data recorder and plotter could also be installed to the machine. More-or-less fully compatible with the MZ-80K.
MZ-1500 (1984): Available in Japan only. Features 320×200-pixel graphics and built-in sound capability using a Texas Instruments SN76489 sound chip. The tape recorder has been replaced with a floppy drive that reads 2.8-inch Quick Disks.
MZ-80B2: An 80B with extra VRAM installed. Sold alongside the MZ-2000 for most of the lineup's lifetime.
MZ-2000 (1982): 640×200-pixel monochrome monitor built-in; color optional. BASIC-level compatible with the MZ-80B.
MZ-2200 (1983): The only monitorless, standalone unit in the series.
MZ-2500 (SuperMZ) series: Launched in 1985, the computers in this series all used a Z80B processor running at 6 MHz. They included a data recorder and at least one 3.5 internal floppy disk drive, as well as a YM2203 sound chip, hardware scrolling, and a palette of 256 colors (upgradable to 4096). This makes them among the most powerful 8-bit machines ever released for home use. Some models are also compatible with the MZ-80B and MZ-2000.
MZ-2511
MZ-2520: The 2511 without a data recorder and the MZ-80B/2000 compatibility modes.
MZ-2521
MZ-2531(MZ-2500V2) (1986)
MZ-2800 series
MZ-2861 [jp] (1987): A hybrid 16-bit machine running on an Intel 80286 and a Z80 for MZ-2500 compatibility. It could run MS-DOS in 16-bit mode, as well as a PC98emulator.
^シャープ製品／ネットサービス [@SHARP_ProductS] (22 May 2012). "MZマニュアル電子化進捗ですが…" (Tweet) (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 14 April 2016 – via Twitter. MZマニュアル電子化進捗ですが、元MZ企画者から始まり、広島にいる元企画者、知的財産部等‥を順にご紹介頂き、なんとか、保管していそうな倉庫を探査頂く事になりました。今頃意味不明なお願に快く動いてくれる各担当者に感謝！。さてさて、裁断可能なのか？権利関係は？まだまだ道は遠い様です。
^"Sharp からのクリスマスプレゼント" [Christmas present from Sharp] (in Japanese). 24 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
^シャープ製品／ネットサービス [@SHARP_ProductS] (21 December 2012). "MZ-80マニュアル電子化①" [MZ-80 Manual digitization ①] (Tweet) (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 14 May 2016 – via Twitter.
^シャープ製品／ネットサービス [@SHARP_ProductS] (21 December 2012). "MZ-80マニュアル電子化②" [MZ-80 Manual digitization ②] (Tweet) (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 16 May 2016 – via Twitter.
