The toponym may be derived from the Old Englishscēot ofer, meaning "steep slope". Shotover was part of the Wychwoodroyal forest[1] from around the period of the Domesday Book until 1660. It was also known as the Forest of Shotover.[2]
Ahill figure is recorded as having once been carved on the hill. Antiquarian John Aubrey writes:
"On Shotover Hill [near Oxford] was heretofore (not long before the Civil Wars, in the memory of man) the effigies of a Giant cut in the earth, as the White Horse by Ashbury Park"[3]
Shotover was formerly an extra-parochial tract,[4] in 1858 Shotover became a separate civil parish,[5] on 25 March 1883 the parish was abolished and merged with Forest Hill.[6] In 1851 it had a population of 163.[7]
The road between London and Oxford used to pass over the top of Shotover Hill. The road was made into a turnpike under the 1719 Stokenchurch Turnpike Act.
Shotover Park and garden were begun in about 1714 for James Tyrrell of Oakley. Tyrell died in 1718 and the house was completed by his son, General James Tyrell. There is no known record of the name of the architect. In 1855 the architect Joshua Sims added two wings in the same style of the original part of the house.[1]
The garden was begun in 1718 and completed in 1730. It is a rare survivor of formal gardens of this period, laid out along an east–west axis 1,200 yards (1,100 m) long. The centrepiece of the garden east of the house is a straight canal, ending with a Gothic Revivalfolly. The architect of the folly is unknown, but if it was built before 1742 it may be one of the earliest examples of the Gothic Revival. The garden west of the house has a similarly long vista, ending with an octagonal temple designed in the 1730s by William Kent.[1]
Shotover Park and the wider estate is privately owned by the Shotover Trust. It lies on the north and east slopes of Shotover hill and should not be confused with Shotover Country Park (see below).
^Crawford, O. G. S. (September 1929). "The Giant of Cerne and other Hill-figures". Antiquity. 3 (11): 277–282. doi:10.1017/S0003598X0000346X. S2CID163392096. Refers to John Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica, unpublished manuscript in the Bodleian, part 2, folio 242b
