Siyah, known in Arabic sources as Siyah al-Uswari ("Siyah the Aswar"; also spelled al-Aswari) was the commander of a faction of the Sasanianasbaran unit, but later defected to the Rashidun Caliphate, where he continued serving as the commander of the asbaran (which became known as the Asawira).
The reason for their defection was in order to preserve their status and wealth. However, according to the Khuzestan Chronicle, Siyah and his men first defected to the Arabs after they entered Shushtar.[2] They thereafter settled in Basra, where they received salary. Furthermore, they also converted to Islam and allied themselves with the Banu Tamim of southern Iraq.[3] However, the story about them converting to Islam is most likely inaccurate, since 15 years later, some members still appear with pure ZoroastrianMiddle Persian names, such as a certain Mah Afridhan.[4] Siyah is thereafter no longer mentioned; his son Yazid ibn Siyah al-Uswari continued the family's service in the Asawira.[5]
