Social Theory of International Politics is a book by Alexander Wendt. It expresses a constructivist approach to the study of international relations[1] and is one of the leading texts within the constructivist approach to international relations scholarship.
Social Theory of International Politics expresses a theory that emphasises the role of shared ideas and norms in shaping state behaviour.[2] It is critical of both liberal and realists approaches to the study of international relations which, Wendt argues, emphasize materialist and individualistic motivations for state actions rather than norms and shared values as Wendt argues they should.[3]
In a review of Social Theory of International PoliticsinForeign AffairsG. John Ikenberry argued that the first section of the book is a "winding tour" of constructivism's underpinning. After this Wendt explores possible alternative "cultures" of international relations (Hobbesian, Lockean, and Kantian) a result of his view that anarchy does not necessarily mean that states must adopt egoistical self-help behaviour. Wendt further explores this view in an influential journal article "Anarchy Is What States Make of It" published in the journal International Organization.
In this chapter Wendt challenges the neorealist view of anarchy and argues that several cultures of anarchy can dominate. These are called Hobbesian, Lockean, and Kantian cultures.[5]
In a review essay called "The Constructivist Challenge to Structural Realism" Dale Copeland argues from a structural realist perspective and states that Wendt fails to take into account how uncertainty impacts state behaviour:
Notwithstanding Wendt's important contributions to international relations theory, his critique of structural realism has inherent flaws. Most important, it does not adequately address a critical aspect of the realist worldview: the problem of uncertainty.[6]
Wendt admits that his version of constructivism is a "thin" version of constructivism as it “concedes important points to materialist and individualist perspectives [of neorealism] and endorses a scientific approach to social inquiry".[7] As such it has been criticised from the position of more radical "thick" constructivists who give less ground to rationalist theories, like Roxanne Lynn Doty,[8] Stefano Guzzini,[9] Friedrich Kratochwill,[10] and Maja Zehfuss.[11]
^Kratochwil, Friedrich, Constructing a New Orthodoxy? Wendt's `Social Theory of International Politics' and the Constructivist Challenge, Millennium - Journal of International Studies January 2000 29: 73-101, doi:10.1177/03058298000290010901
^Wendt, Alexander, dan Daniel Friedheim. "Hierarchy under Anarchy: Informal Empire and the East German State." International Organization 49, no. 4 (1995): 689-721.
^Review: The Copeland, D. (2000) Constructivist Challenge to Structural Realism: A Review Essay, International Security, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Autumn, 2000), pp. 187-212
^Alexander Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p1
^Roxanne Lynn Doty, "Desire All the Way Down", 'Review of International Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1 (Jan., 2000), pp. 137-139
^Guzzini, Stefano (2000) ‘A Reconstruction of Constructivism in International Relations’, European Journal of International Relations 6(2): 147–82.
^"Friedrich Kratochwill, Constructing a New Orthodoxy? Wendt’s ‘Social Theory of International Politics’ and the Constructivist Challenge" in: Millennium (2000), vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 73–101.
^Maja Zehfuss, “'Constructivism in International Relations: The Politics of Reality'”, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
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