Polish composer, conductor, and teacher (1819–1872)
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Stanisław Moniuszko (Polish pronunciation:[stãˈɲiswafmɔ̃ˈɲuʃkɔ]ⓘ; May 5, 1819 – June 4, 1872[1]) was a Polish composer,[2][3] conductor and teacher. He wrote many popular art songs and operas, and his music is filled with patriotic folk themes of the peoples of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (mainly Poles, Lithuanians and Belarusians).[4] He is generally referred to as "the father of Polish national opera".[5] Since the 1990s Stanisław Moniuszko is being recognized in Belarus as an important figure to Belarusian culture as well.[6][a]
Moniuszko noted that his songs, which were published under the collective title Śpiewnik Domowy (Domestic Songs), had a national character. Their 'Polishness' is found in his use of and reference to traditional Polish dance rhythms like Polonaise, Mazurka, Kujawiak, and Krakowiak and the propagation of texts written by Polish national poets.[8] The songs were often performed by the 19th-century Polish choirs in Austria, Germany, and Russia,[13] and became a point of reference for other Polish composers.[2]
Moniuszko's opera style bears similarities to that of Daniel Auber and Gioachino Rossini, but with stronger emphasis on chorus and melodies inspired by Polish dances.[2]
Lithuanians stress, that Stanisław Moniuszko was eagerly using Lithuanian motifs – e.g. his cantatas "Milda", "Nijolė", based on Lithuanian mythology, were issued in Vilnius.[14]
Halka is an opera to a libretto written by Włodzimierz Wolski, a young Warsaw poet with radical social views.[15] After being staged in Warsaw in 1858, it became the most widely known Polish opera[10] and is part of the canon of Polish national operas.
An English version of Straszny dwór (The Haunted Manor, or The Haunted Castle[16]) was created and premiered by the student operatic society at Bristol University in 1970; this version has been performed since, specifically in 2001 by Opera South, which company also presented the world premiere of a specially created new English version of Verbum Nobile in 2002.
In 2009, Pocket Opera, of San Francisco, CA, USA, premiered Artistic Director Donald Pippin's English language translation of The Haunted Manor; and in 2010, Pippin's translation of Halka.
^Аляксей Хадыка [Alexey Khadyka] (May 22, 2009). "Станіслаў Манюшка — паляк, літвін..." [Stanislaw Moniuszko – Pole and Lithuanian] (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2013. NovyChas.org, Culture. Retrieved from the Internet Archive, February 18, 2013.
^ abMurphy, Michael (2001). "Moniuszko and Musical Nationalism in Poland". In White, Harry; Murphy, Michael (eds.). Musical Constructions of Nationalism: Essays on the History and Ideology of European Musical Culture 1800-1945. Cork University Press. pp. 166–167. ISBN9781859181539.
^Prosnak, Jan (1980). Moniuszko. Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne. p. 7. ISBN8322400012.
^Chrenkoff, Magdalena (2017). "Stanisław Moniuszko's Oeuvre as a Builder of National Identity During Partition Times". In Povilionienė, Rima (ed.). Sounds, Societies, Significations: Numanistic Approaches to Music. Springer. p. 61. ISBN978-3319836522.