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The municipality has a population of 3,731 (31 December 2023)[2] and covers an area of 2,650.66 square kilometres (1,023.43 sq mi) ofwhich 212.59 km2 (82.08 sq mi) is water.[1] The population density is 1.53 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.0/sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish. The neighbouring municipalities are Kuusamo, Posio, Pudasjärvi and Suomussalmi. The Iijoki river runs through the centre of the village.
The oldest still-operating shop of Finland, Jalavan Kauppa, is located in Taivalkoski; a shop was founded in 1883 by White Karelian-based Stephan Jakowleff, which is owned by his descendants of the Jalava family.[6][7]