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The base word here is "calan", meaning the first day of a calendar month. In Welsh grammar, "c" becomes "g", "t" become "d", etc. (other associated changes) in certain circumstances. In this article, "calan" must become "galan" after "nos" because "nos" is a feminine singular noun.Óghog (talk) 13:15, 31 October 2010 (UTC)[reply]
Question: In the 10th century 'Laws of Hywel the Good' isn't 'kalan gaýaf' the same as December 1?
For example the cycle for the colt, that is August-Winter-February-May and repeated for the next year as August-December-February-May.
“From the time a colt is foaled until August, it is six pence in value.
From August to the calends of winter, it is twelve pence in value.
Until the calends of February, it is eighteen pence in value.
Until the calends of May, it it twenty-four pence in value.
Until August, it is thirty pence in value.
Until the calends of December, it is thirty-six pence in value.
Until the calends of February, it is forty-two pence in value.
Until the calends of May, it is forty-eight pence in value. “
Another example is the Calves. Irish law tract has the first value increase of the calf on the first day of winter, i.e. Gaimain (November 1); yet in 'Laws of Hywel' it is December 1? (see Early Irish Farming by Fergus Kelly)
“A she calf is six pence in value from the time it is born until the calends of December. Thence until the calends of February it is eight pence in value. Until the calends of May, it is ten pence in value. Until August, it is twelve pence in value. Until the calends of December, it is fourteen pence in value. Until the calends of February, it is sixteen pence in value. Until the calends of May, it is eighteen pence in value. “
“A he calf is six pence in value from the time it is born until the calends of December. Thence until the calends of February, it is eight pence in value. Until the calends of May, it is ten pence in value. Until August, it is twelve pence in value. Until the calends of December, it is fourteen pence in value. Until the calends of February, it is sixteen pence in value. Until the calends of May, it is eighteen pence in value. Until August, it is twenty pence in value. Until the calends of December, it is twenty-two pence in value. Until the calends of February, it is twenty-four pence in value.“
(The seven months from May 1 to December 1 in 'Laws of Hywel' seem comparable to the seven months of the summer grazing season (April 1 to November 1) in the Irish seventh century law tract ‘Bretha Comaithchesa'?) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.81.187.76 (talk) 05:02, 16 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]
