Tarki had been the capital of Kumyk historical states before they were abolished by Russia.[11][12]
According to some scholars, Tarki sits on the site of Samandar, the capital of Khazaria until the early 8th century.[13][14] In 1396, Timur passed through Tarki during the Tokhtamysh–Timur war. In the Middle Ages the Shamkhalate state is formed, lately becoming Shamkhalate of Tarki. Tarki had been the capital of the Kumyk state at least from the 16th century.[15] This state was not abolished until 1867.
Engraving of Tarki in a publication of German traveler Adam Olearius' travel account
The shamkhals submitted to Russian authority more than once, first in the early 17th century. In 1668, the town was sacked by Cossacks under Stepan Razin.
Tarki finally came under Russian control under the terms of the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813. Eight years later, the Russians built Burnaya Fortress there, which was succeeded by Fort-Petrovsk (on the grounds of original Kumyk town called Andzhi-kala (or Anji),[18][19][13][14] now known as Makhachkala.[20]
On 12 April 1944, the Kumyks of Tarki and adjacent villages of Kyakhulay and Alborukent were rounded up and deported from their homes on the orders of the Dagestan communist authorities.[21] They were forcibly relocated to land belonging to neighboring Chechen, Karachay, Balkar and Crimean Tatar populations, who had themselves also been forcibly deported to Central Asia two months prior, on Stalin's orders. The rationale given for the deportation of the Kumyks was that the authorities hoped to use the area to support the agricultural needs of the highland peoples who had resettled in Tarki. As a result of this exodus, the local Kumyk population lost for years their traditional capital of Tarki, which led to the destruction of some of their cultural inheritance.[22]
The deportation of the Kumyks is still not acknowledged by the Russian government, and has become a subject of greater contention in recent years. In an attempt to settle an unrelated land dispute between local Chechen and Lak communities, the Dagestan government announced in 2017 that it had built 3,000 houses for the Laks, on land which formerly belonged to Kumyks in Tarki.[21] This led to a protest camp being established by the Kumyk community, in an attempt to finally secure restitution for their deportation in 1944, and prevent this land from being given to a different community without their consent.
^Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России [All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia] (XLS). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года [All-Union Population Census of 1979] (in Russian). 1979 – via Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics.
^Советская историческая энциклопедия. — М.: Советская энциклопедия . Под ред. Е. М. Жукова. 1973—1982.
^Лит.: Лавров Л. И., Тарки до XVIII в., "Уч. зап. ин-та истории, языка и литературы им. Г. Цадасы", т. 4, История, Махачкала, 1958.
^ abС.Т.Еремян. Моисей Каланкатуйский о посольстве албанского князя Вараз Трдата к хазарскому хакану Алп-Илитверу. "Записки Института Востоковедения АН СССР", т. VII, М.-Л, 1939.
^ abЛавров Л.И. Ученые записки Института истории, языка и литературы ДФ АН СССР", т. 4. 1958
^С. Белокуров. Отношения России с Кавказом. 1. М., 1888. С. 58-60
^К.Патканов. из нового списка географии, прописываемой Моисею Хоренскому. "Журнал Министерства народного просвещения", 18 март, стр. 118
^История халифов Вардапета Гевонда, писателоя VII века. СПб., 1862. С. 28.
^БСЭ (Большая Советская Энциклопедия); статьи на (МА). — М. под ред. Прохорова А. М. 1969—1978
Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №6 от 13 января 2005 г. «О статусе и границах муниципальных образований Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №43 от 30 апреля 2015 г. «О статусе городского округа с внутригородским делением "Город Махачкала", статусе и границах внутригородских районов в составе городского округа с внутригородским делением『Город Махачкала』и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Республики Дагестан». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Дагестанская правда", №8, 15 февраля 2005 г. (People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #6 of January 13, 2005 On the Status and Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #43 of April 30, 2015 On the Status of the "City of Makhachkala" Urban Okrug with Intra-Urban Divisions, the Status and the Borders of the Intra-City Districts Comprising the "City of Makhachkala" Urban Okrug with Intra-Urban Divisions, and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Dagestan. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
Baddeley, John Frederick (1908), The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus with Maps, Plans, and Illustrations, London: Longmans, Green, & Co..
Wagner, Friedrich (1854), Mackenzie, Kenneth (ed.), Schamyl and Circassia, 2d ed., London: G. Routledge & Co..
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